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CRISPR–Cas9-based genome editing tools have been developed recently to study non-coding transcriptional regulatory elements, enabling the characterization of enhancers in their endogenous context. The applications, current limitations and future development of such CRISPR–Cas9 tools are discussed, with emphasis on identifying and characterizing enhancer elements in a high-throughput manner.
Metabolomics has been utilized extensively for the identification of single metabolites and their use as biomarkers. Owing to recent technical advances, it is now possible to use metabolomics to better understand whole metabolic pathways and to more precisely pinpoint the involvement of metabolites in physiology and pathology.
