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In this Comment article, Nisreen Alwan discusses what her experience as both a public health academic and a person living with Long COVID has taught her about the importance of including those with lived experience of a condition in setting the research agenda.
In this Comment article, Gregory Poland and Richard Kennedy outline the importance of continued funding and infrastructure support for research into vaccine safety to inform public health decisions and increase public trust in new vaccine technologies.
The accumulation of misfolded or otherwise unwanted proteins in a cell, known as proteotoxic stress, triggers an inflammatory response. This study describes a role for PKR as the sensor of protein accumulation, which triggers an innate immune response and helps to restore homeostasis.
A preprint by Daniel et al. reports a novel, late-stage phenotype of exhausted T cells that occurs concurrently with terminally differentiated exhausted T cells, determined by T cell receptor affinity for antigen.
Steady-state sensing of Skint1 on keratinocytes by the γδ T cell receptor on dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) maintains DETCs in a poised state ready to respond to subsequent distress signals and restore epithelial homeostasis.
A preprint by Kedmi et al. shows that antigen presentation by group 3 innate lymphoid cells is involved in directing the microbiome-specific adaptive immune response by promoting regulatory T cells.
A bispecific molecule consisting of a PD1 antibody fused to a multimeric ligand for the costimulatory molecule GITR shows promising results in preclinical studies of solid tumours.
CD8+ T cells assume various dysfunctional states during tumorigenesis. Here, the authors describe mechanisms of T cell dysfunction in tumours, and what determines T cell responsiveness and resistance to immunotherapy.
Activation of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors is finely tuned to limit self-reactivity while maintaining recognition of foreign microorganisms. The authors describe recent progress made in defining the regulatory mechanisms that facilitate this delicate balance.
Here, Ed Lavelle and Ross Ward discuss the unique aspects of mucosal immunity that must be considered when developing effective mucosal vaccines. The authors highlight the key immune cell populations that are targeted by mucosal vaccination strategies and explain how innovative adjuvant and delivery approaches should lead to new vaccines for infectious diseases and cancers.
Atherosclerosis involves a maladaptive inflammatory response. This Review summarizes the contributions of key innate and adaptive immune cell subsets and describes diverse mechanisms that regulate their activation. It also discusses the feasibility of developing immune-targeted interventions, such as tolerogenic vaccines.
