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Two new studies show that the inflammasome protein NLRP1B becomes activated in response to pathogen-induced proteasomal degradation of its N-terminal fragment, thereby acting as a sensor of its own stability.
A new study describes how mechanical skin injury caused by scratching can promote food anaphylaxis by increasing the number of mast cells in the gut through a keratinocyte–ILC2–tuft cell pathway.
This study shows that circular RNAs that contain double-stranded regions can modulate innate immunity by inhibiting the pattern recognition receptor protein kinase R (PKR).
To maintain homeostasis and minimize unnecessary, potentially damaging inflammatory responses, tissue-resident macrophages cloak small tissue lesions to prevent neutrophil activation.
This study identifies a role for group 3 innate lymphoid cells in IL-2 production in the small intestine to maintain intestinal homeostasis through effects on regulatory T cells.
Diversification of the antibody repertoire is well known to be driven by genetic recombination and mutation. However, it is becoming apparent that other processes can also diversify antibody specificities. Here, Dimitrov and colleagues discuss these unconventional strategies for antibody diversification and consider why these extra strategies have evolved.
In this Review, DeNardo and Ruffell describe how macrophages shape local immune responses in the tumour microenvironment to both suppress and promote immunity to tumours. The authors also discuss the potential of targeting tumour-associated macrophages to enhance antitumour immune responses.
Developing universal influenza virus vaccines will require understanding how broad and long-lived antibody responses to natural infection with influenza A virus are generated, a topic that has benefited greatly from technologies that enable the analysis of single human B cells.
Here, the authors explore how the transcription factor T-bet shapes innate and adaptive immune responses during infection. They consider the evolutionary relationship between T-bet and the related transcription factor eomesodermin (EOMES) and explain how T-bet controls the development of effector and memory T cell populations that mediate protective immunity.
