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Nanoparticles designed to prevent training of myeloid cells infiltrating allografts can promote long-term transplant acceptance and immunological tolerance.
A combination of radiotherapy and anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade in anti-CTLA4 unresponsive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer induced systemic T cell responses in some patients, likely through radiotherapy-induced upregulation of neoantigens.
Probiotic microorganisms such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus can protect from bone loss by enhancing levels of butyrate, which leads to the expansion of regulatory T cells. These stimulate CD8+ T cells to secrete WNT10b, a bone anabolic factor.
Uptake of apoptotic cell corpses by phagocytes requires the coordinated activity of SLC family membrane transporters to meet the metabolic demands of anti-inflammatory dead cell clearance.
Self-antigen recognition in the thymus can result in both clonal deletion of developing thymocytes and their diversion into the regulatory T cell lineage. How do thymocyte-intrinsic and thymocyte-extrinsic determinants influence this cell fate choice?
This Review considers the unique anatomy of the cutaneous immune system. The authors explain how both protective and pathological immune responses are shaped in the skin, its associated appendages (such as hair follicles and sweat glands) and skin-associated lymphoid tissues.
The authors review the latest research revealing conserved antiviral activity of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in fungi, plants, invertebrates and mammals.
In this Analysis, the authors discuss different strategies for the post-treatment control of HIV infection. They use mathematical modelling to predict the impact of different interventions and to estimate the therapeutic efficacy required to achieve a functional cure.
This Opinion article summarizes current models of thinking about multi-locus antigenic diversity of pathogens. The authors describe five hypotheses to explain how host immunity selects for antigenic diversity at the level of the pathogen population.
