Volume 18 Issue 6, June 2018

Strain-specific recognition of different UL40 peptides determines the proliferation and activation of NKG2C⁺ NK cells during HCMV infection.

Microglial cells show innate immune memory of peripheral inflammatory stimuli that influences neurological disease pathology.

γδ T cells have a crucial role in immune homeostasis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues through their production of IL-17A and TNF.

Norovirus infection of tuft cells in the intestinal epithelium can be promoted by type 2 cytokines.

The metabolite itaconate induces electrophilic stress that induces an antioxidant response and regulates secondary TLR transcriptional responses and IL-17-driven pathology.

SAMHD1 promotes the degradation of nascent DNA strands to protect against aberrant activation of the pro-inflammatory cGAS–STING pathway by self DNA.

Evidence is increasing that naive T cells are heterogeneous in phenotype, function, dynamics and differentiation status. Here, van den Broek et al. provide a revised view of the naive T cell compartment and then discuss the implications for ageing, neonatal immunity and T cell reconstitution following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Recently discovered roles for C-type lectins in development, homeostasis, cell death, cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases extend the functions of this superfamily beyond their well-recognized involvement in antimicrobial responses.

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are increasingly used as models of human viral infections. Here, Estes and colleagues introduce different NHP models, summarize the similarities and differences between human and NHP immune systems and discuss important examples of human viruses that can be modelled in NHPs.

In this Timeline, Allan Mowat reflects on some of the key discoveries that have shaped our understanding of how immune tolerance towards environmental antigens, such as commensal bacteria and food proteins, develops and is maintained in the intestine.