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Understanding how decoy receptors for cytokines and chemokines work requires in-depth insights into their structure. In this Review, the authors provide a structural overview of both mammalian and viral decoy receptors and highlight opportunities for leveraging their immunomodulatory activity for therapeutic purposes.
In this Review, the authors summarize recent findings that illustrate the emerging roles of CCCH zinc finger proteins, which are involved in the regulation of multiple steps of RNA metabolism, in the regulation of immune responses including cytokine production, immune cell activation and immune homeostasis.
Andrew Pollard describes a 1921 study by George Heist and colleagues that pointed to antibody as a correlate of protection against meningococcal disease.
Two studies have characterized a distinct molecular signature of intratumoral CD4+regulatory T cells from various tumours that correlates with cancer prognosis.
Understanding the gradual development of disease in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis offers new opportunities for prevention and early therapy.
This Review discusses the contribution of different cytokine networks to inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). In neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, CNS-invading leukocytes produce many of the cytokines that are associated with disease. By contrast, in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, tissue-resident cells are the main source of pathological cytokines.
This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the influences on human immune system variation. Systems immunology analyses have revealed that variations between individuals are mainly due to non-heritable influences such as age, sex, microbiota and the environment.
Dendritic cells (DCs) shape tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells; their ability to localize in peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs is crucial for these functions. This Review describes the different migratory pathways employed by subsets of DCs from distinct tissue sites, detailing their mechanistic basis and importance for maintaining health.
This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the early airway immune responses to infections. The authors discuss the stepwise engagement of distinct tiers of effector functions and how early airway immune responses are influenced by factors such as the environment, obesity and ageing.