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Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates

In this Review, the authors discuss current challenges and future prospects in exploiting both vertebrate and invertebrate immune systems for the control of flaviviral and alphaviral diseases.

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    • Dendritic cells (DCs) act as gatekeepers between immunity and tolerance. Initially, it was postulated that mature DCs promote effector T cell responses and immature DCs promote tolerance. Recent studies have shown instead that two distinct modes of DC maturation exist — homeostatic and immunogenic. Here, Bosteels and Janssens discuss our current understanding of homeostatic DC maturation and how this contributes to immune tolerance, with a focus on the cDC1 compartment.

      • Victor Bosteels
      • Sophie Janssens
      Review Article
    • The mechanisms by which antigen triggers B-cell activation are incompletely understood. In this Review, Degn and Tolar discuss the different models of B-cell receptor triggering that have been proposed over the years in the light of recent insights.

      • Søren E. Degn
      • Pavel Tolar
      Review Article
    • Inflammasomes are signalling machines that drive inflammation. This Review highlights the signalling biology of inflammasomes and how we can use small molecules or biologics to block pathological inflammasome signalling to treat or prevent diverse human diseases.

      • Rebecca C. Coll
      • Kate Schroder
      Review Article
    • Oral tolerance describes how the oral administration of harmless antigens (such as dietary proteins) leads to systemic immune unresponsiveness to these antigens. Its failure can lead to conditions such as food allergies. This Review from Cerovic, Pabst and Mowat explores new insights into the mechanisms of oral tolerance, discussing how ingested antigens enter and are processed in the intestine, the roles for unique antigen-presenting cells and the induction of immunosuppressive T cell populations. The authors also examine the maintenance of tolerance to bacterial antigens in the intestine, and they discuss the mechanisms behind the failure of oral tolerance and potential clinical interventions.

      • Vuk Cerovic
      • Oliver Pabst
      • Allan McI Mowat
      Review Article
    • This Review provides an overview of the immune system of the eye at steady state and in ocular disease, and it describes the links between ocular immunology and systemic disease. It highlights the intravital imaging techniques that have provided insights into immune cell morphology and dynamics in living human eyes.

      • Mengliang Wu
      • Erica L. Fletcher
      • Scott N. Mueller
      Review Article
Neuroimmune connections

Neuroimmunology

A Series of articles published in Nature Reviews Immunology focusing on connections between the immune system and nervous system.
  • Lucy Bird
Series

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