In this Review, Liston et al. discuss the biology of regulatory T cells (T_reg cells) in the brain. They consider how T_reg cells are recruited to the brain and their anti-inflammatory and reparative functions in brain tissue. Finally, they highlight the potential for targeting brain T_reg cells to treat a range of neurological diseases.

This Review outlines the mechanisms by which the microbiota alters the efficacy and immunotoxicity of established and emerging cancer treatments, and discusses the benefits and limitations of microbiota-targeting interventions that are being investigated to improve patient outcomes.

Epidemiological studies and mouse models suggest that stress can affect the evolution, dissemination and outcome of malignancies. In this Review, Ma and Kroemer present insights into the complex neuro-immune interactions that link stress to cancer, with a focus on stress-associated immunomodulatory molecules, and discuss their implications for cancer therapy.

In this Perspective, the authors consider the distinct contributions made by T helper 2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells during the course of a helminth infection. Although anti-helminth drugs are effective, reinfection is common and there are currently no available vaccines — a better understanding of T helper 2 cell and group 2 innate lymphoid cell interplay could lead to new anti-helminth strategies.