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This Viewpoint highlights the apparent shift in ulcer epidemiology, with regard to the observed increase in the prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori, non-NSAID, idiopathic ulcers. The authors recommend that the underlying cause of idiopathic ulcers be investigated further, with rigorous use of diagnostic techniques, and that efforts be made to improve the management and prevention of this condition.
The worldwide incidence of morbid obesity is rapidly increasing. When considering how to treat morbid obesity there are two surgical treatments—laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and gastric bypass—that go head to head. This Viewpoint examines the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and gastric bypass for achieving weight loss, and their ability to resolve comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The authors of this Review discuss current indications for treatment in patients with autoimmune hepatitis, conventional management regimens, therapeutic end points and treatment outcomes. Factors that influence the treatment response, empiric salvage therapies, and promising pharmacological and molecular interventions are also considered.
In the past decade, there have been significant advances in the three techniques classically used for liver imaging—ultrasonography, CT and MRI. In this Review, the authors highlight the advances in these techniques that apply to the assessment of focal and diffuse liver disease, including the development of hardware, software, processing algorithms, and procedural innovations.