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Genomic imprinting — the monoallelic expression of genes based on their parent of origin — may have evolved due to an intragenomic conflict between maternal and paternal genomes within an individual, with differential interests regarding the level of parental caregiving. Here, the authors review the influence of genomic imprinting on parenting behaviour in mammals, with a focus on studies in mice.
Marnie Blewitt highlights the visionary 1961 paper by Mary Lyon in which she proposed that dosage compensation in female mammals involves X-inactivation and recognized its implications for sex-specific phenotypes in X-linked disorders.
In this Review, Zhang et al. discuss how recent advances in computational methods are helping to reveal the multiscale features involved in genome folding within the nucleus and how the resulting 3D genome organization relates to genome function.
Applying deep learning to large-scale genomic data of species or populations is providing new opportunities to understand the evolutionary forces that drive genetic diversity. This Review introduces common deep learning architectures and provides comprehensive guidelines to implement deep learning models for population genetic inference. The authors also discuss current opportunities and challenges for deep learning in population genetics.
Breda et al. developed a method for gene editing bone marrow cells in vivo, circumventing the need for toxic conditioning regimens such as chemotherapy or radiation.
In April 2023, leading experts met with members of US Congress to discuss strategies to ensure global food security. Following on from this, Pamela Ronald emphasizes the role that plant genetics has in achieving these goals.
This Review summarizes the genetic and non-genetic factors that impact the transferability of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) across populations, highlighting the technical challenges of existing PRS construction methods for diverse ancestries and the emerging resources for more widespread use of PRSs.
Two studies published in Nature investigate the genetic mechanisms of sex bias in cancers and implicate Y chromosome genes in contributing to the aggressiveness of bladder cancer and colorectal cancer in men.
Jacobs et al. report in Science that different co-repressors repress the transcriptional activity of different subsets of enhancers associated with genes of different function.
Leon Mutesa highlights a 2009 article by Yehuda and Bierer that considered the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms to post-traumatic stress disorder, which inspired his own research on the importance of DNA methylation changes in trauma survivors.
In this Review, the authors discuss recent advances in our understanding of Mediator and TFIID, coactivators associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pre-initiation complex (PIC), focusing on their structure, interactions with activators and impact on the function of the PIC.
A study in Nature reports a strong association between asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the HLA-B*15:01 allele and reveals mechanistic insights into its protective effect.
In this Review, Zhou et al. discuss our current understanding of the genetic control of key steps involved in human brain development and diseases, and they describe current and emerging approaches for investigating the underlying genetic architecture.
Liang et al. report in Nature that complementary Alu sequences allow an enhancer to find its cognate promoter over long distances, potentially through the formation of RNA duplexes.
Fay-Wei Li recalls a 1966 paper by Klekowski and Baker, who built on their observation that homosporous pteridophytes have many more chromosomes than heterosporous lineages to generate hypotheses on the evolutionary impact of polyploidy.
This Review explores the use of non-mammalian model organisms in the genetic diagnosis of rare diseases, focusing on the use of worms, flies and zebrafish. The strategies, genetic technologies and approaches to using these models are discussed, as well as how they can provide insight into more common disease mechanisms.
Single-cell omics approaches are providing unprecedented insights into cellular function and dysfunction. This Editorial highlights the remarkable potential of these technologies and their profound impact on our understanding of biology and disease.
