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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presents considerable barriers to a successful research career. Universities need to start taking this into account to ensure that talented researchers are retained in the sector and given an equal opportunity to succeed.
Exosomes include plasma-transported vesicles that are secreted by human tissues and reflect metabolic status. The profile of exosomes (particularly microRNA content) is altered in metabolic disease. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, exosomes circulating in plasma induce transcriptional changes related to tumour progression and pro-metastatic phenotypes in target cancer cells, potentially linking obesity to cancer progression and metastasis.
Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly desirable and potentially reduces risks of complications. Improving the probability of remission requires early detection and substantial weight loss during a 6-year therapeutic window when β-cells remain functional.
A recent paper published in PLoS Biology reported the application of lipidomics in predicting the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in a population cohort. The study demonstrates the role of lipidomics in prediction of diseases and translational research, which could herald the beginning of an era of quantitative lipidomics.
This Review focuses on challenges and advances in the management and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. New therapeutic developments are discussed, including novel glucocorticoid therapies, adjunct agents aimed at controlling excess androgens, and cell-based and gene-based therapies.
The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis regulates bone remodelling and metabolism. This Review highlights the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of skeletal fragility associated with perturbations in the GH–IGF1 axis such as GH deficiency, anorexia nervosa, ageing and acromegaly.
This Consensus Statement provides robust clinical evidence on the multidisciplinary management of children and adults with X-linked hypophosphataemia, with an emphasis on patients’ experiences and needs. It is the outcome of a working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases.
