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Organoid technologies are a potent tool for investigating human biology, modelling diseases and developing novel therapies. In this Viewpoint, experts in metabolic and endocrine research in the brain, pituitary, skeletal muscle, bone and gastrointestinal system discuss how organoids and related bioengineered systems are currently used in their field and how innovations in these technologies could transform future research.
In this Review, the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms by which obesity impairs key aspects of immunity are discussed, including changes in the abundance of key hormones, dysregulation of adipose-tissue-derived extracellular vesicles and dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism.
This Review describes a promising, bidirectional role for ghrelin in the interaction between circadian rhythms and metabolism. The authors explore how ghrelin affects outputs of circadian rhythm — including neuronal activity, circulating growth hormone levels, locomotor activity and eating behaviour — and discuss how circadian rhythms influence ghrelin expression.
This Review describes the luteal phase of natural menstrual cycles and in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The authors highlight the need for luteal phase support during IVF, outlining various luteal phase support regimens, mechanisms for luteal phase deficiency and potential biomarkers of endometrial receptivity.
This Review discusses notable discoveries in pituitary stem cell function and highlights important areas for current and future research, including the use of pituitary organoids for the advancement of pituitary stem cell biology and pituitary organogenesis as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
The metabolic dysfunction that characterizes obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus affects not only the heart and kidneys, but also the liver. Although lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone in the management of metabolic liver diseases, the field has progressed this year, with a new definition, validation of non-invasive biomarkers and numerous clinical trials.
The management of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma associated with pathogenic variants in SDHB can be challenging. This Consensus statement aims to provide a guide for the clinical decision-making process in these patients.
The year 2023 brought reports of highly effective glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mono-agonists or combinations with amylin receptor agonists. Results for monomolecular co-agonists that added glucagon receptor and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonism to GLP1 receptor activation were also published in 2023. Interestingly, antagonistic GIP receptor antibodies conjugated with a GLP1 agonist were also shown to be effective.
The pathophysiology of endometriosis is underpinned by a complex interplay of inflammatory processes that are responsible for the local and systemic effects of the condition. Recent studies delve further into this inflammatory interplay; using animal models, they identify potential therapeutic tools and remind us to look beyond the endometriotic lesions.
One hundred years after the Nobel prize was bestowed on Banting and McLeod for the ‘discovery’ of insulin, we are again seeing major evolutions in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with the prospect of achieving disease control beyond mere management now becoming real. Here, we discuss the latest, most notable developments.
Over the past decade, technological advances have enabled cost-efficient, high-throughput analysis of different types of omics data in large human cohorts. Here, we explore insights into the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders revealed through multi-omics studies, discuss novel computational analysis techniques and look at the field’s future directions.
Key papers on the role of nutrition and metabolic cues in puberty timing were published in 1963, and there have been many advances in this field in the subsequent 60 years. This Review discusses the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development.
Genomic data from patients with thyroid cancer, combined with information on mutation-specific mechanisms from experimental models, is transforming the thyroid cancer research field. This Review summarizes the genetic alterations involved in follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer initiation and progression and their biological and clinical implications.