Organoid systems have great potential to improve the study of diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This Review assesses the progress in developing pancreatic organoids and bioengineered systems for modelling diabetes mellitus and its complications.

This Review outlines evidence that the gut microbiota is involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. In addition, the opportunities, limitations and challenges of using gut microbiota-related approaches as a means to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight in people with overweight or obesity are discussed.

Cardiorenal diseases are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with substantial morbidity and premature mortality. This Review discusses how atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cardiorenal diseases can be prevented in T2DM, considering evidence from clinical trials and its implementation in clinical practice.

Adipose tissue is a complex organ that has crucial endocrine and metabolic functions in mammalian physiology. A new Article Series aims to collate adipose tissue content from Nature Reviews Endocrinology and provide a useful resource for researchers working in this field.

The field of bioenergetics is rapidly expanding with new discoveries of mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. The 2023 Keystone symposium on ‘Bioenergetics in Health and Disease’, which was jointly held with the symposium ‘Adipose Tissue: Energizing Good Fat’, consisted of a powerhouse line-up of researchers who shared their insights.