This Review presents evidence that points to a critical role for metabolic pathways in influencing processes that support the early stages of tumour development, provides examples of the role of metabolic networks intrinsic to cancer cells in tumour progression and outlines how environmental factors can affect tumour incidence.

Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment contribute to obesity risk. This Review discusses how modern society disrupts sleep, it considers evidence from human studies on how sleep disruption affects energy expenditure, appetite hormones and food intake, and discusses some potential strategies to reduce the adverse effects of sleep disruption.

This Consensus Statement provides robust clinical evidence on the multidisciplinary management of children and adults with X-linked hypophosphataemia, with an emphasis on patients’ experiences and needs. It is the outcome of a working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases.

“Adults have really boring ideas” is what we repeatedly learn from our participatory research with young people. Nevertheless, it is common practice that adults design research, questionnaires and interventions for young people. Not surprisingly, many research initiatives, questionnaires and interventions are utterly boring and a bad fit for the intended population. Consequently, many research efforts go to waste.