Articles in 2015

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  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the consequence of systemic insulin resistance and comprises a spectrum ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis. This PrimeView, which accompanies the Primer by Brunt et al., highlights the causes and pathophysiology of the disorder.

    PrimeView
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by excess accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, which can be accompanied by inflammation, cell injury and fibrosis. Here, Brunt et al. explain the pathophysiology, the current limitations in management options and the avenues for progress.

    • Elizabeth M. Brunt
    • Vincent W.-S. Wong
    • Mary E. Rinella
    Primer
  • Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancers are classified into four distinct subtypes and affect threefold more women than men. This PrimeView summarizes the molecular landscape of the tumours and the most common risk factors and prevention strategies, including potassium iodide supplementation after radiation exposure.

    PrimeView
  • Cancers derived from follicular thyroid cells, which produce the iodine-containing thyroid hormones, have an excellent prognosis. In this Primer, Dralle et al. describe the advances in the molecular characterization of the tumours and the current state-of-the-art in diagnosis and management.

    • Henning Dralle
    • Andreas Machens
    • Steven I. Sherman
    Primer
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by poorly reversible airway obstruction and is strongly related to smoking. This PrimeView summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of COPD, and highlights the mechanisms operating in the airways that cause this disease.

    PrimeView
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by damage to the lungs and consequent obstruction of the airways, and is strongly associated with smoking. This Primer discusses the causes and mechanisms of COPD and approaches to its diagnosis and management.

    • Peter J. Barnes
    • Peter G. J. Burney
    • Emiel F. M. Wouters
    Primer
  • Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric condition characterized by severe weight loss and associated problems of malnutrition. This PrimeView highlights the diagnosis of AN and how patients are treated.

    PrimeView
  • Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric condition characterized by severe weight loss and associated problems of malnutrition. The illness perpetuates without early intervention as patients value the beliefs and behaviours contributing to their illness rather than regarding them as problematic. Here, Treasure et al. describe the current research in AN.

    • Janet Treasure
    • Stephan Zipfel
    • Elisabet Wentz
    Primer
  • 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is clinically variable, causing palatal anomalies, immune dysfunction, endocrine abnormalities and cognitive and behavioural delays, among others. This PrimeView focuses on the aetiology, which involves the deletion of a fragment of chromosome 22 (22q11.2).

    PrimeView
  • 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the most common chromosomal microdeletion disorder and is characterized by a heterogeneous presentation involving multiple organ systems. In this Primer, McDonald-McGinn et al. focus on the current understanding of the phenotype and the genetic underpinnings.

    • Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
    • Kathleen E. Sullivan
    • Anne S. Bassett
    Primer
  • Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that often debuts in adolescence before the onset of psychotic symptoms in adulthood. This PrimeView summarizes the management of schizophrenia, its underlying mechanisms and effects on patient well-being, and the positive, negative and cognitive symptoms that characterize the disorder.

    PrimeView
  • Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that debuts early in adolescence with cognitive and social dysfunction, followed many years later by psychosis. Alongside greater insight into disease mechanisms, Kahn and colleagues argue for applying current knowledge more effectively.

    • René S. Kahn
    • Iris E. Sommer
    • Thomas R. Insel
    Primer
  • Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the developed world. This PrimeView describes how incidence over the past 60 years has increased alondside red meat consumption, smoking, alcohol intake and an ageing population.

    PrimeView
  • Colorectal cancer is a common cancer globally; its increased incidence over the past 60 years is associated with red meat consumption, smoking, alcohol intake and an ageing population. Here, Kuipers et al. describe the biology and treatment of colorectal cancers, and discuss the impact that screening will have on outcomes.

    • Ernst J. Kuipers
    • William M. Grady
    • Toshiaki Watanabe
    Primer
  • Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or combined immunodeficiency are severely immunocompromised and susceptible to recurrent infections, which result in early lethality unless immune function is restored. This PrimeView highlights the improvements in quality of life with better treatment strategies.

    PrimeView
  • Severe combined immunodeficiencies comprise a group of rare, monogenic diseases that are characterized by an early onset and a profound block in T lymphocyte development. In this Primer, Fischer and colleagues explain the pathogenesis of this disorder with a focus on current and future treatment strategies.

    • Alain Fischer
    • Luigi D. Notarangelo
    • Jennifer M. Puck
    Primer
  • Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β in plaques and aggregation of the microtubule protein tau in neurons. This PrimeView summarizes the key points of the Primer by Colin Masters and colleagues.

    PrimeView