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Reflecting on the first genetically engineered pig-to-human heart transplantation in this Clinical Outlook article, we discuss the likely future of cardiac xenotransplantation. Initial clinical trials are expected to explore compassionate use as destination therapy in carefully selected adult patients and as a bridge to heart allotransplantation in infant patients with complex congenital heart disease.
Alterations to the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with changes in the levels of serum metabolites during the development of cardiometabolic disease, before the onset of overt ischaemic heart disease.
A novel approach to assess the network of interactions between GATA4 and TBX5, which are both implicated in congenital heart disease, has led to the discovery of a gene with a previously unknown role in heart development.
The CHIEF-HF trial investigators employed a novel all-virtual study design to show that canagliflozin significantly reduces symptom burden in patients with heart failure.
A new study shows that atrial fibrillation causes functional remodelling of the left ventricle via impairment of excitation–contraction coupling of ventricular cardiomyocytes, which is mediated by reduced systolic Ca2+ release and increased levels of oxidative stress.
Statins increase the rate of macrophage efferocytosis through suppression of the expression of the ‘don’t-eat-me’ molecule CD47 on atherosclerotic plaque apoptotic cells, and pro-efferocytic therapies amplify the anti-atherosclerotic effects of statin treatment in an additive manner and independently of any lipid-lowering effects of statins.
Cardiovascular disease is both a risk factor and potential outcome of the direct, indirect and long-term effects of COVID-19. A recent analysis in >150,000 survivors of COVID-19 demonstrates an increased 1-year risk of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Preventing and managing this new disease burden presents challenges to health systems and requires a learning health system approach.
A new, very large genome-wide association study has uncovered many novel genetic factors associated with circulating lipid levels. The success of this study came partly from analysing many samples, but mostly from including individuals of non-European ancestry. So, why is studying genetic diversity important and how can it help to fight cardiovascular disease?
In this Review, Klarin and Natarajan discuss the implementation of polygenic risk scores in clinical medicine for risk prediction and screening algorithms for coronary artery disease, prioritization of patient subgroups that are likely to derive benefit from treatment, and efficient prospective clinical trial designs.
In this Review, von Haehling and colleagues provide clinicians with practical recommendations for patients with heart failure who plan to travel, including guidelines for pre-travel risk assessment and special considerations for patients who have undergone recent surgery or have a cardiac implantable electronic device.
In this Review, the authors discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 and summarize the pathobiology of the disease, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the acute stage and the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension.
In this Perspectives article, the authors highlight what is known about cardiovascular sequelae in survivors of COVID-19 and discuss important questions that need to be addressed in prospective studies to understand and mitigate these lasting cardiovascular consequences, including in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
