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New evidence shows that both the diet composition and the feeding pattern modify the risk of cardiometabolic disease partly through alterations in the gut microbiota, suggesting that modulating the composition of the gut microbiota through dietary interventions might be a useful preventive and therapeutic strategy.
In the first 2 weeks after myocardial infarction, endothelial cells can undergo a partial and transient activation of a mesenchymal phenotype before returning to an endothelial state.
A new study identifies a small-molecule inhibitor of a mitochondrial fission protein that reduces PCSK9 secretion and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
A new study demonstrates a deficiency of NAD+ in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and indicates that restoration of NAD+ levels with nicotinamide supplementation might have therapeutic value to treat diastolic dysfunction in these patients.
The G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 contributes to impaired cardiac function and remodelling and promotes immune cell recruitment after myocardial infarction in mice.
A novel binding mechanism between a microRNA and an inward-rectifier potassium channel has been discovered. MiR-1 directly modulates the function of Kir2.1 to maintain cardiac homeostasis, and disruption to this relationship predisposes the heart to a greater risk of arrhythmogenesis.
Valve replacement is currently the only treatment for calcific aortic valve disease. Studies of an uncommon, genetic form of aortic valve disease have yielded in vitro and mouse models of the disease and a transcriptomic disease signature. Machine learning-driven screens for compounds that normalize this signature promise to enable medical management of aortic valve disease.
Although an unplanned, interim analysis from an ongoing randomized trial in Sweden has suggested no significant difference in mortality between patients with peripheral artery disease receiving paclitaxel-coated devices and those receiving uncoated devices for lower-extremity revascularization, the analysis did not resolve the question of whether paclitaxel-coated devices are safe for these patients.
In this Review, Mayr and colleagues describe the growing number of omic techniques, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, outline network theory, and highlight exemplars of novel approaches that combine gene regulatory and co-expression networks, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and phenomics with informatics techniques to provide new insights into cardiovascular disease.
In this Review, Bossone and Eagle discuss the epidemiology, management and outcomes of the most common aortic diseases: aortic aneurysms and acute aortic syndromes, including aortic dissection.
In this Review, Entcheva and Kay discuss a decade of important developments and applications of optogenetics to the heart, focusing on near-term and longer-term clinical translation of this technology in cardiology.
This Review summarizes the latest knowledge on cardiac lymphatic development, structure and function, discusses the role of the cardiac lymphatics after myocardial injury during fibrotic repair and regeneration, and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the cardiac lymphatics in myocardial infarction.
