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Cardiometabolic endoreplication (duplication of the nuclear genome without cell division), resulting in polyploidy and multinucleation, precedes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in heart disease.
Tricuspid repair during mitral valve surgery slowed the progression of tricuspid regurgitation, but did not reduce mortality in patients with mild-to-moderate tricuspid regurgitation.
In the phase II AXIOMATIC-TKR trial, the oral, selective factor XIa inhibitor milvexian provided dose-dependent protection against venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.
According to data from the GOAL trial, when latent rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is detected by echocardiographic screening, secondary prophylaxis with antibiotics is effective in preventing progression of the disease.
Posterior left pericardiotomy at the time of surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing surgery on the coronary arteries, aortic valve or ascending aorta, or a combination of these operations, with no additional risk of postoperative complications, according to results from the PALACS trial.
Early surgical aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis reduces the risk of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke or unplanned hospitalization for heart failure compared with conservative care and surgical aortic valve replacement only after symptom onset, according to findings from the AVATAR trial.
Two new studies show that titin haploinsufficiency and the toxicity of aggregated truncated titin protein together contribute to the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by truncating variants in the gene encoding titin.
A new study shows that anti-IL-1β treatment and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition ameliorate vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis progression by two mechanisms: a reduction in blood inflammatory leukocyte supply and a decrease in inflammatory leukocyte uptake into atherosclerotic lesions.
Cardiac sex-specific differences are controlled not only by sex hormones but also through a sex-chromosome-dependent mechanism. A new study in mice shows that cardiac sex-specific disparities appear at early stages of heart development, before gonad formation, and that X-linked genes act outside of the gonads in a dosage-dependent mechanism to regulate male–female cardiac differences.
Researchers have developed a cardiac patch that is injectable, maintains its shape and electrically integrates with the myocardium, thereby improving functional recovery after myocardial infarction.
A new study shows that adult mouse cardiomyocytes can be reversibly dedifferentiated into fetal-like cardiomyocytes by forcing the transient expression of four pluripotency factors, which enables cardiomyocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and divide, thereby conferring regenerative capacity to the adult heart.
Valsartan is safe and effective in improving cardiac structure and function in patients with early-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, according to results from the phase II VANISH trial.
A form of adenine base editing has been used in mouse embryos to correct a genetic variant associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This approach is potentially safer than other forms of germline gene editing, which carry a risk of off-target editing and the introduction of indels.
Mice deficient in type 2 innate lymphoid cells have a greater accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and poorer cardiac function after myocardial infarction compared with control mice, indicating a role for this subset of lymphocytes in regulating inflammatory pathways in the injured heart.
Two new studies show that pharmacological blood pressure (BP) reduction is effective in older individuals and that a more intensive treatment with a lower BP threshold reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events in older patients with hypertension.
In a clinical first, empagliflozin treatment cuts the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization compared with placebo in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
The STROKESTOP trial and The LOOP study used different approaches to screen for atrial fibrillation, with the aim of initiating oral anticoagulation to prevent stroke and death.
In the SSaSS trial, substituting regular table salt (100% sodium chloride) with an alternative containing 25% potassium chloride reduced the rate of stroke, major cardiovascular events and all-cause death.
In the QUARTET trial, initial treatment with a single pill containing quarter doses of four antihypertensive drugs achieved and maintained a greater blood-pressure-lowering effect than initial monotherapy with full-dose irbesartan.
Delivery of automated external defibrillators with drones to the scene of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is feasible and can be faster than an ambulance, according to findings from a pilot clinical study.
