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Tumour cell-derived miRNAs carried in microvesicles can communicate with endothelial cells to activate angiogenesis through Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling.
Blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can promote the invasive growth of glioblastoma through a mechanism that involves MET and VEGF receptor 2.
Looking at the effects of proteins encoded by DNA tumour viruses on the host genome could aid the interpretation of high-throughput sequencing data from cancer samples.
The voltage-gated potassium channel EAG2 is overexpressed in medulloblastoma and contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating cell volume dynamics during mitosis.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system through prolonged emotional stress might increase bone metastases in patients with breast cancer owing to effects on the bone marrow microenvironment.
A recurrent oncogenic fusion of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) proteins in a subset of glioblastomas can directly interfere with cell division and induce aneuploidy, and this can be inhibited by FGFR kinase inhibitors.
DNA damage response signalling pathways are often altered in tumours, which can affect their response to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. This Review discusses the mechanisms by which altered DNA damage responses elicit such therapy resistance.
Alterations to epigenetic regulators are a recently characterized class of oncogenic changes in myeloid malignancies. This Review discusses what these alterations mean for leukaemogenesis.
This Review discusses how microRNAs (miRNAs) are intricately involved in p53 signalling, from the regulation of p53 expression and activity to contributing to various tumour suppressor effector functions of p53. Evidence for the importance of these miRNAs from cancer-specific alterations, and the implications for diagnostics and therapeutics, are also considered.
NADPH oxidases of the NOX family are reactive oxygen species-generating enzymes that regulate redox-sensitive signalling pathways. In this Review, the authors discuss primary targets and redox-linked signalling systems that are influenced by NOX-derived ROS and the biological role that NOX oxidases might have in the aetiology of cancer.
More than 30 retroviral oncogenes have been discovered, and these predominantly function to control cellular signalling and replication. This Timeline article discusses a few of these oncogenes that are crucial in human cancer and that best illustrate the history of experimental and theoretical breakthroughs in this field.
Cancer incidence varies in different racial and ethnic groups, and this can be partly attributed to differences in biological factors. However, identifying these factors and exploiting them to help eliminate cancer disparities has proved challenging. This Viewpoint highlights the crucial advances and challenges, as well as what the future holds, for this area of research.
