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A MYC-centred network is shown to be responsible for the similarities between ES and cancer cells; and, inDrosophila melanogaster, MYC and the Hippo transcriptional regulator Yorkie regulate each other's expression to control growth.
The function of the deacetylase SIRT1 in cancer is complex and controversial. This article discusses the recent progress that has been made in mouse models to address the role of SIRT1 in tumour development.
The polo-like kinases and aurora kinases have various roles in mitosis, and inhibitors of these kinases are being tested in clinical trials. Recent data have shown that extensive crosstalk exists between the polo-like kinase and aurora kinase pathways, which might affect the efficacy of these drugs. This Review discusses the biology of these kinases and how drugs that inhibit them might be used in the clinic.
Certain members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases are commonly deregulated in human cancers, but how can we target them? This Review explores the association of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that regulate GTPases with cancer and discusses whether they can be effectively targeted therapeutically.
Adaptor (or scaffold) proteins form signalling platforms that regulate downstream signalling events. Evidence suggests that adaptors functioning downstream of integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases are deregulated in cancer and have important roles in mediating tumour cell survival, proliferation and motility.
The increasing number of cancer survivors has highlighted the problem of tumour dormancy, which can lead to relapse. Preclinical models and initial clinical trials are paving the way to address how best to treat long-term cancer survivors to minimize the risk of late cancer recurrence.
It has been nearly 100 years since Francis Peyton Rous proved that sarcomatous chest tumours in Plymouth Rock hens could be caused by a virus. Since then, seven human viruses have been found to cause 10–15% of human cancers. This Timeline article explores the different techniques that helped in identifying these viruses, the common features they share and the different ways they evade innate immunity and cause cancer.