Reviews & Analysis

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  • This Review outlines our current understanding of the evolution and heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has advanced owing to the study of preclinical models and patient samples, and presents an evolutionary model of PDAC progression based primarily on genomics studies of human PDAC.

    • Ashton A. Connor
    • Steven Gallinger
    Review Article
  • This Perspective explores the connection between copper and cancer and how challenges in the field could be addressed, and is a synthesis of discussions from the Copper Cancer Consortium, a meeting of experts in the field that took place in March 2020.

    • Eva J. Ge
    • Ashley I. Bush
    • Christopher J. Chang
    Perspective
  • This Review discusses recent foundational and translational advances in gastric cancer genomics and epigenomics and highlights how these findings have improved our understanding of basic mechanisms driving gastric cancer biology as well as emerging preclinical targets.

    • Khay Guan Yeoh
    • Patrick Tan
    Review Article
  • This Review discusses the concept of transcription cycles in cancer, providing a framework for our understanding of dysregulated transcription in cancer and therapeutic targeting of dysregulated transcription cycles.

    • Stephin J. Vervoort
    • Jennifer R. Devlin
    • Ricky W. Johnstone
    Review Article
  • This Review discusses the context-dependent functions of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) with regard to the composition and behaviour of different cell populations in the tumour immune microenvironment, as well as emerging data that demonstrate that TGFβ inhibition can restore cancer immunity.

    • Daniele V. F. Tauriello
    • Elena Sancho
    • Eduard Batlle
    Review Article
  • This Perspective proposes that data from multiple modalities, including molecular diagnostics, radiological and histological imaging and codified clinical data, should be integrated by multimodal machine learning models to advance the prognosis and treatment management of patients with cancer.

    • Kevin M. Boehm
    • Pegah Khosravi
    • Sohrab P. Shah
    Perspective
  • BH3-mimetic drugs have been designed to directly induce apoptosis in cancer cells by targeting prosurvival BCL-2 family proteins. This Review discusses their continued development and the challenges arising from their implementation in the clinic, such as resistance or on-target toxic effects, and the approaches that could be harnessed to overcome these obstacles.

    • Sarah T. Diepstraten
    • Mary Ann Anderson
    • Gemma L. Kelly
    Review Article
  • This Review discusses the bone microenvironment and its impact on bone metastasis, defining a roadmap of the cancer cell journey through bone relative to various microenvironment components and in different cancer types as well as providing insight into new therapeutic targets.

    • Robert L. Satcher
    • Xiang H.-F. Zhang
    Review Article
  • This review discusses the immunosuppressive and tumour-promoting properties of microglia, monocyte-derived macrophage and astrocyte subsets in the brain tumour microenvironment, identifying new therapeutic opportunities for primary brain tumours and brain metastases.

    • Brian M. Andersen
    • Camilo Faust Akl
    • Francisco J. Quintana
    Review Article
  • This Review discusses the genomic evolution of Barrett’s oesophagus, which can sometimes progress to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Understanding this evolution should improve early detection of EAC and may provide clues for the evolution of cancer more broadly.

    • Sarah Killcoyne
    • Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
    Review Article
  • In this Viewpoint article, we asked four experts to share their thoughts on the implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques into cancer research and care, and how to separate the hope from the hype to overcome the challenges ahead.

    • Olivier Elemento
    • Christina Leslie
    • Georgia Tourassi
    Viewpoint
  • Preclinical studies indicate that stress can promote tumour progression. However, in humans, stress-reducing interventions have yielded mixed effects on cancer mortality. This Review discusses multiple mechanisms identified in preclinical and clinical studies, and strategies to better study stress-reducing interventions clinically

    • Anabel Eckerling
    • Itay Ricon-Becker
    • Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
    Review Article
  • Synthetic biomarkers are an emerging class of diagnostics that amplify disease signals for sensitive and specific detection of early-stage cancers. This Review discusses the rationale and design of biofluid-based synthetic biomarkers as well as translational challenges and future directions.

    • Gabriel A. Kwong
    • Sharmistha Ghosh
    • Sangeeta N. Bhatia
    Review Article
  • This Review discusses how fly tumours interact with the microenvironment and distant organs to influence disease progression and host physiology. The authors argue that the simplicity of flies and the ability to study lethality in this model provide an opportunity to address why patients ultimately die of cancer.

    • David Bilder
    • Katy Ong
    • Jung Kim
    Review Article
  • The translational control of mRNAs during gene expression allows rapid, specific changes in the cell proteome. This Review describes the mechanisms underlying changes in mRNA translation in response to oncogenic signalling and microenvironmental stress, and how these changes can promote cancer onset, progression and resistance to anticancer therapies.

    • Lucilla Fabbri
    • Alina Chakraborty
    • Stéphan Vagner
    Review Article
  • This Review introduces the latest advances in tissue clearing and three-dimensional imaging as applied to epithelial tissues, and explains how such techniques can improve both our understanding of tumour biology and cancer diagnostics.

    • Jorge Almagro
    • Hendrik A. Messal
    • Axel Behrens
    Review Article
  • Mutational signatures can provide insights into the origins and vulnerabilities of specific cancers, and have potential for clinical utility. This Review highlights recent developments in the field, providing insights into practical issues and challenges in mutational signature analysis.

    • Gene Koh
    • Andrea Degasperi
    • Serena Nik-Zainal
    Review Article