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This Review discusses the impact of steroid-receptor-mediated modifications of long-range chromatin interactions on transcriptional heterogeneity and the initiation, progression and therapy response of hormone-dependent cancers.
Girish et al. designed a method to genetically remove extra chromosomes from human aneuploid cancer cells to show that they are important for malignant growth and not just a bystander.
Although selective antagonism of oestrogen receptor signalling in breast cancer has been one of the most successful therapeutic approaches in oncology, resistance is a major clinical challenge. In this Review, Will et al. explore mechanisms of oestrogen-receptor-α-targeted therapeutic resistance and strategies to overcome it.
Inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells has become a realistic method for promoting cancer cell death. In this study, Nakarmua et al. identify a novel ferroptosis suppressor 1 (FSP1) inhibitor that promotes FSP1 relocalization through phase separation, priming ferroptosis and ultimately impairing tumour growth.
Understanding how cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors combine to initiate transformation holds promise for the development of strategies to prevent, detect and treat cancer early. In this Review, Jassim et al. outline the various theories that have currently been proposed for cancer origins, and the determinants of cancer risk upon which they are based.
Since the advent of genome-wide association studies, thousands of common alleles have been linked with the risk of cancer. Here, Yang et al. review the development, utility and predictive power of polygenic risk scores and the ongoing debate about their potential for clinical application in cancer.
In this Review, Fagin et al. outline the oncogenic drivers of the common endocrine tumours, which derive from thyroid follicular cells, and how these impact tumour phenotypes and disease progression.
Two independent studies published in Nature have collectively addressed the long-standing question of sex bias in cancer and implicated non-hormonal genes of the Y chromosome in aggressive features of colorectal and bladder cancers in men.
The role of the microbiota in tumorigenesis has garnered considerable attention over the past two decades. In this Review, El Tekle and Garrett explore the current and evolving understanding of microbiota in cancers of various internal organs, as well as highlighting opportunities for targeting bacteria for cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatment.
In this study, Malladi and colleagues reveal the mechanism by which mitochondrial fragmentation enables latent brain metastatic breast cancer cells to increase fatty acid oxidation to maintain cellular energetics and redox homeostasis.
Tumour ecosystems encompass a multitude of variables, including enzymatic, metabolic and immune components within the tumour and across organs. This Review summarizes how micro-engineering approaches and nanosensors have been used to establish multicomponent tumour models and to assess tumour plasticity.
In this Review, Zeng et al. describe the recent single-cell omics studies that have revealed the heterogeneity of human tumour endothelial cells and demonstrate that the phenotypes of these cells extend beyond that of simply being angiogenic, an observation that could be translated into the clinic to improve upon the success rate of current anti-angiogenic therapies.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Ciaran Seath describes the development and use of a proximity labelling method to study how cancer driving mutations and small molecule ligands remodel the chromatin microenvironment.
Wang et al. demonstrate how tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and particles dysregulate liver function to promote fatty liver disease and diminish chemotherapeutic efficacy.
mRNA for therapeutics is growing in popularity owing to the relative ease of synthesis and nucleotide alteration for personalized medicine. In this Review, Liu et al. outline the characteristics of in vitro transcribed mRNA-based therapeutics for cancer treatment, highlighting the ongoing clinical studies, current challenges and future opportunities.
The activities of YAP and TAZ have long been associated with cancer progression. In this Review, Franklin et al. provide an integrated perspective on the latest understandings of YAP and TAZ activation, including their role as a tumour suppressor, as well as advances in YAP and TAZ therapeutic treatments.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Isabel Esain-Garcia describes the development and use of a 6-letter whole-genome sequencing technology, which enables the simultaneous acquisition of genetic and epigenetic information from human genomic and cell-free DNA, which has implications for improving our biological understanding of cancer as well as cancer diagnosis and early intervention.
