A dandelion sprouting out of hard ground.

Cancer drug-tolerant persister cells: from biological questions to clinical opportunities

Mariangela Russo, Alberto Bardelli & colleagues

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  • Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is now accepted as a major contributor to cancer pathogenesis. In this Review, Yan, Mischel and Chang highlight the recent advancements in ecDNA research, providing new insights into the biogenesis and maintenance of ecDNA, as well as its role in altering gene expression and promoting tumour heterogeneity.

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  • Sex differences impact various non-reproductive organ cancers, often leading to higher cancer incidence and poorer outcomes in male individuals. In this Perspective article, Xiao, Lee et al. outline the biological factors contributing to sex bias in immuno-oncology, emphasizing the need for future research to offer a fuller understanding of sex disparities in cancer.

    • Tong Xiao
    • Juyeun Lee
    • Zihai Li
    Perspective

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    • David J. Prezant
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Six human body silhouettes, the three on the left are male-shaped, the three on the right female.

Sex differences in cancer

Sex differences begin at fertilization and affect nearly all body systems during development.
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