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Harnessing structural darkness in the visible and infrared wavelengths for a new source of light

Abstract

Engineering broadband light absorbers is crucial to many applications, including energy-harvesting devices and optical interconnects. The performances of an ideal absorber are that of a black body, a dark material that absorbs radiation at all angles and polarizations. Despite advances in micrometre-thick films, the absorbers available to date are still far from an ideal black body. Here, we describe a disordered nanostructured material that shows an almost ideal black-body absorption of 98–99% between 400 and 1,400 nm that is insensitive to the angle and polarization of the incident light. The material comprises nanoparticles composed of a nanorod with a nanosphere of 30 nm diameter attached. When diluted into liquids, a small concentration of nanoparticles absorbs on average 26% more than carbon nanotubes, the darkest material available to date. By pumping a dye optical amplifier with nanosecond pulses of 100 mW power, we harness the structural darkness of the material and create a new type of light source, which generates monochromatic emission (5 nm wide) without the need for any resonance. This is achieved through the dynamics of light condensation in which all absorbed electromagnetic energy spontaneously generates single-colour energy pulses.

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Figure 1: From a complex porous system to a nanostructured black body for light.
Figure 2: Optical black body, the fabrication of which occurs via seeded growth of Au nanospheres from Au nanorods.
Figure 3: Tuning the structural darkness of the samples.
Figure 4: Absorption experimental results.
Figure 5: Absorption of planar thin films.
Figure 6: Light condensation with dark nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

This work is part of the Kaust research programme ‘Optics and plasmonics for efficient energy harvesting’, supported by award no. CRG-1-2012-FRA-005. Y.H. acknowledges baseline support funds from Kaust.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

A.F. coordinated all theoretical research and the experimental research on the condensation of light. Y.H. coordinated all aspects of the fabrication technology. J.H. and Y.Z. fabricated the samples. C.L. and J.H. performed linear absorption measurements. C.L., J.H., S.M., E.A. and A.F. performed experiments on the condensation of light. All authors contributed equally to the analysis of experimental results and to the preparation of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yu Han or Andrea Fratalocchi.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Huang, J., Liu, C., Zhu, Y. et al. Harnessing structural darkness in the visible and infrared wavelengths for a new source of light. Nature Nanotech 11, 60–66 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.228

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