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In 1944, Erwin Schrödinger posed the question “How can the events in space and time which take place within the spatial boundary of a living organism be accounted for by physics and chemistry?” Studying out-of-equilibrium chemical systems may take us closer to an answer.
Sophisticated nanopores, which utilize electron tunnelling measurements, two-dimensional materials, or concepts from molecular self-assembly, could have applications in DNA and protein sequencing; the technical problems that must be solved to realize such technologies are considerable though.
Developing useful methods to control light–matter interactions at the nanoscale requires an appreciation of the needs of industry and innovative approaches that go beyond plasmonics.