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This Review discusses the progresses in label-free nanophotonic biosensors based on photonic or dielectric surfaces and metasurfaces and highlights the challenges and benefits of their applications in the fields of public health, well-being and biosafety.
Although quantum physics underpins the behaviour of nanoscale objects, its role in nanoscience has been mostly limited to determining the static, equilibrium properties of small systems. This Review describes seminal developments and new directions for the explicit exploitation of quantum coherence in nanoscale systems, a research area termed quantum-coherent nanoscience.
Nanoparticles used for biomedical applications might elicit unexpected adverse or beneficial biological effects unrelated to the function for which they were designed. In this Review, the authors describe some of these ‘yin and yang’ ancillary effects, and discuss their implications for nanomedicine development.
Quantum photonics offers a scalable approach to advanced quantum-information processing. Based on deterministic photon–emitter interfaces, this Review presents a road ahead for resource-efficient hardware architectures towards applications in quantum communication and quantum computing.
The preparation of a diverse set of 2D materials and their co-integration in van der Waals heterostructures enable innovative material design and device engineering. This Review summarizes recent advances in 2D spintronics and opto-spintronics, the underlying physical concepts and future perspectives of the field.
In this Review the authors discuss the biological role of extracellular vesicles and how they can be applied as drug carriers, focusing on the current state of their manufacturing and existing challenges.
This Review presents the emerging understanding of the importance of the dynamic and evolving protein corona composition in mediating the fate, transport and biological identity of nanomaterials in the environment. Principles specific to the environment are presented, along with a perspective on next steps toward mechanistic and predictive insights for the next phase of eco-corona studies.
This Review provides an overview of four platform technologies that are currently used in the clinic for delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics, describing their properties, discussing technical advancements that led to clinical approval, and highlighting examples of approved genetic drugs that make use of these technologies.
This Review outlines the potential applications of nanotechnology-based treatments for infectious diseases, with a specific focus on the progress and challenges in developing nanomedicines against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria.
This Review presents a focused overview of nanosensor technology for ensuring the safety and quality of foods and discusses seven key challenges that are currently preventing their successful commercialization.
Successful nanomedicine approaches rely on the efficient cellular uptake of nanoparticles, yet endocytic mechanisms remain challenging to probe. In this Review the authors describe the different cellular endocytic pathways and provide a critical discussion of the available tools and systems for their study.
This Review summarizes the development history of Pt-based nanocatalysts and recent analytical studies to identify the technical issues in the automobile application, proposing promising strategies for overcoming the trade-offs among the efficiency,power density, and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells inhibit inflammatory responses against self-antigens, offering a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. This Review describes the nanotechnology-based approaches available to target dendritic cells and induce tolerogenic properties, highlighting applications in organ transplantation, multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus.
This Review summarizes how distinct approaches to nanostructural engineering enhance features that determine the selectivity and stability of catalysts.
This Review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of nanoscale vaccines against infectious diseases, focusing in particular on the immunological responses they can elicit, depending on their physicochemical properties and functionalization, and on the challenges their production face.
This Review proposes a framework for designing delivery systems to target diseased tissues based on the biology of the target, the journey and computational algorithms.
