This Review explores how machine learning approaches can drive progress in nanotheranostics.

The authors propose a framework to be followed during preclinical investigation of nanomedicines to increase their translatability potential.

This Perspective highlights bottom-up molecular engineering and modular nanobiotechnological approaches for developing effective immunotherapeutics and their potential in personalized medicine.

This Review highlights the definition, functions and potential of integrative catalytic pairs in multi-intermediate reactions, as a forward step relative to single- and dual-atom catalysts.

Reducing scavenging of nanoparticles by the reticuloendothelial system and increasing their penetration through endothelial cell barriers would increase their clinical potential. Here the authors show that small nanoparticles targeting the caveolae of the lung microvascular endothelium are rapidly delivered to the lungs for precision imaging and targeting.

Terahertz absorption reduces the viscosity of the hydrodynamic electron fluid in graphene and thereby enables easier flow of electrons. This results in a drop in resistance within graphene constrictions under terahertz radiation, facilitating fast and sensitive terahertz detection.

Mesoporous MoS₂ is proposed as an efficient electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells, achieving efficiencies >25% with over 2,000 h of stable operation.

mRNA delivery through LNPs targeting specific organs holds great clinical potential, but it remains unclear how the structure of the lipidoids in the LNPs controls organ tropism. Here the authors direct in vivo delivery of siloxane-based LNPs via structural alteration of the ionizable structure of the constituting lipidoids.

A biased atomic force microscopy tip can write complex in-plane polar topologies in a model ferroelectric Pb_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ by means of a smart scan path design. Hence, on-demand generation, reading and erasing of tunable topologies is possible.

Nano-masking of the surface of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles blocks their immune-evasive action. This improves their phagocytosis by dendritic cells, leading to maturation of T-cell action and culminating in undampened anti-tumour immunity.

Climate change is one of humankind’s biggest challenges, leading to more frequent and intense climate extremes, including heatwaves, wildfires, hurricanes, ocean acidification, and increased extinction rates. Nanotechnology already plays an important role in decarbonizing critical processes. Still, despite the technical advances seen in the last decades, the International Energy Agency has identified many sectors that are not on track to achieve the global climate mitigation goals by 2030. Here, a multi-stakeholder group of nanoscientists from the public, private, and philanthropic sectors discuss four high-potential application spaces where nanotechnologies could accelerate progress: batteries and energy storage; catalysis; coatings, lubricants, membranes, and other interface technology; and capture of greenhouse gases. This Comment highlights opportunities and current gaps for those working to minimize the climate crisis and provides a framework for the nanotechnology community to answer the call to action on this global issue.

The 2024 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience is awarded to three nanomedicine pioneers who laid the foundation of controlled release, biomedical imaging and diagnostics.

Light extraction is a key factor determining the efficiency of light-emitting diodes. This becomes more pronounced in high-refractive-index perovskite light-emitting diodes according to the ray-optics model. Photon recycling and microcavity effect are important ways to break through the ray-optics efficiency limit. However, these two effects are competing, that is, strategies to optimize them are mutually exclusive. For a breakthrough in efficiency, we should favour one of them and inhibit the other.

We present a Focus issue on how the research community is continually pushing the device performance boundaries of 2D transistors and explore the pivotal role that these devices play in the future computing landscape.

Driven by carbon neutral targets, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is becoming a hot technology due to its capability to convert fluctuating power into green hydrogen. Unfortunately, despite tremendous resources invested in fundamental research, only very few research outcomes have successfully translated into the development of industrial-scale electrolysers.

The use of hyperbole in scientific literature is increasing, undermining effective scientific communication.