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Linear polyubiquitin patches in the Salmonella Typhimurium ubiquitin coat, regulated by E3 ligase LUBAC and deubiquitinase OTULIN, serve as a platform to modulate xenophagy, NF-kB signalling, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial proliferation.
See van Wijk et al. 2, 17066 (2017) and Noad et al. 2, 17063 (2017)
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Cover Design: Karen Moore
The WHO's plans to bolster global vector control measures blend audacious goals with a sensible approach that could save lives and stimulate economic growth and development in many of the world's poorest nations.
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Coenzymes serve as the catalytic core in many metabolic reactions, but despite their extensive use and intrinsic chemical reactivity, they are remarkably stable.
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The S-layer structure of C. crescentus is revealed by combining the X-ray crystal structure of an S-layer protein and cryo-ET of cell stalks. The resulting model shows that the S-layer is porous and stabilized by calcium ions.
The use of mitomycin C inductions to determine the fraction of lysogenic cells in mixed natural communities is highly variable and insensitive to bacterial host density, suggesting that other methods should be developed and used to measure lysogeny.
Salmonella Typhimurium E3 ligase LUBAC generates linear polyubiquitin patches in the ubiquitin coat that serves as a signalling platform for the recruitment of Optineurin and Nemo for xenophagy and local activation of NF-κB, respectively.
Deubiquitinase OTULIN targets linear (M1-linked) ubiquitin chain patches on cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium to modulate NEMO, IKKα/IKKβ and NF-ĸB signalling and regulate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial proliferation.
Plasmodium falciparum PTEF is a translation-enhancing factor that interacts with ribosomes to facilitate translation of PfEMP1–VAR2CSA, a ligand that mediates adhesion of infected red blood cells to the placenta during pregnancy-associated malaria.
Metabolomics analyses of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae show that, unlike other metabolites, coenzymes such as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, NAD(P), coenzyme A and flavins are long-lived in vivo and passed on over generations.
Vesicular stomatitis virus is shown to establish collective infectious units, enabling virions to enter cells as a group. This is exacerbated in host fluids, decreases virus titre, and could facilitate both viral evolution and antiviral defence.