Review Articles

This Review discusses how organ-on-chip models can applied for infectious disease research.

This Review discusses our current understanding of Toxoplasma protein export into host cells and how this process impacts infection.

Here the authors review how microbial metabolism could offer greener options for the synthesis and breakdown of plastic monomers and polymers.

Evidence for immune imprinting in humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 is reviewed, together with implications for COVID-19 booster vaccine programmes.

Millions of people have died from SARS-CoV-2. This Review summarizes how autopsies have contributed to our understanding of disease pathology, discusses the advantages and limitations of autopsies, and outlines how they complement animal infection experiments and clinical studies.

Antigenic variation is used by pathogens to evade the host immune system. This Review describes the impact of nuclear organization on antigenic variation in protozoan parasites.

An overview of methods that can be used in high and maximum containment to study virus–host interactions in the infection microenvironment.

This review discusses the principles of phase separation and highlights how it impacts diverse processes in fungi.

The authors review archaeal morphology, surface features, internal organization and cell division, discussing the state of the art and future research directions.

Hoenigl and colleagues review the epidemiology, immunology and clinical risk factors contributing to COVID-19-associated fungal infections.

Women are more affected by sexually transmitted infections than men. This Review examines the impact of non-HIV STIs on women’s health, and discusses recent advances and current challenges in the treatment and prevention of STIs.

In this Review, the authors describe the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries from a One Health perspective, as well as the challenges and possible solutions for its containment.

Understanding the mechanisms and evolution of pathogenicity in fungi will bring us a step closer to reducing the annual toll of 1.6 million deaths from fungal disease.

Following bacterial infection, macrophages undergo metabolic changes that activate antibacterial responses. However, pathogens can exploit host immunometabolites as a signal for virulence induction. This Review examines the crosstalk between pathogens and macrophage immunometabolism.

Sources of microbial metabolites in the surface ocean, their roles in ecology and biogeochemistry, and methods that can be used to analyse them are reviewed.

This Review summarizes current knowledge on the vaginal microbiota and discusses how research can progress from association to mechanism to provide deeper insights into its role in health and disease.

Proviral host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, cellular processes that are important in SARS-CoV-2 replication and host factors that could be targeted by antiviral therapies for COVID-19 are reviewed.

This Review summarizes sixteen known co-produced bacterial metabolites, their biosynthesis strategies and their synergistic antimicrobial activity mechanisms.

Recent advances in genome sequencing have started to reveal an increasing diversity and distribution of archaeal genomes across multiple ecosystems. In this Review, Baker and colleagues discuss how these genomes elucidate the metabolic capabilities of the Archaea and their ecological roles, while also expanding our view of the tree of life and of eukaryogenesis.

Flaviviruses, a group of vector-borne RNA viruses that includes dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus and several lesser-known species, often emerge in human populations and cause epidemics. Here, Pierson and Diamond review the basic biology of these viruses, their life cycles, the diseases they cause and available therapeutic options. They also discuss the global distribution of flaviviruses, with a focus on lesser-known species that have the potential to emerge more broadly in human populations.