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Temporal single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of viral and host transcriptional responses during human cytomegalovirus infection of macrophages and monocytes reveals molecular features influencing distinct infection courses and suggests additional latency reservoirs.
Rebound virus in the cerebrospinal fluid revealed viral lineages selected for growth in T cells that were clonally amplified and often distinct from the majority of rebound viral lineages in the blood.
Phage-encoded endolysins released from lysed bacteria trigger neighbouring cells to convert into cell wall-deficient L-forms that are resistant to subsequent phage infection.
Isolation and characterization of a selfish genetic element with a virophage lifestyle that co-infects a bloom-forming polar algae along with a partner virus.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells reduce the average lifespan of productively infected cells during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection (a primate model of human immunodeficiency virus infection). However, they are ineffective at preventing the establishment of a persistent reservoir of latently infected cells under long-term antiretroviral therapy.
A resource of >3,700 Ser/Thr protein kinase-substrate interactions and their transcriptional effects establishes O-phosphorylation as a dominant signalling mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Depletion of CD8+ T cells before infection or early antiretroviral therapy initiation elucidates the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes during formation of the latent simian immunodeficiency virus reservoir.
Chemotaxis towards the interspecies quorum sensing signal autoinducer 2 (AI-2) promotes gut colonization by Escherichia coli and is linked to fructoselysine metabolism. The differential ability of E. coli strains to chemotactically respond to AI-2 further leads to niche segregation and co-existence of E. coli strains in the murine gut.
ANME-1 archaea are important because of their ability to metabolize methane through anaerobic oxidation. Here the authors use metagenomics on hydrothermal samples from the Gulf of California to characterize a family of ANME-1 and its virome.
Biotin biosynthesis enables fatty acid remodelling and increased cell envelope fluidity, which counter alkaline pH in the lung and promote Mycobacterium abscessus growth during infection.
A combined quantitative and isotope-tracking proteomics approach illuminates how scarce nitrogen is allocated to protein biosynthesis by members of an ocean-surface microbial community. We identify taxon-specific substrate preferences and a distinct subset of functions — particularly infrastructure for protein production, folding and turnover — that constitute the bulk of community nitrogen demand.
An argument for how anaerobic eukaryotes have maintained cellular complexity over evolutionary time, despite reliance on the low energy-yielding fermentation.
‘Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens’, an anaerobic methanotrophic archaeon, sectors itself into two morphologically and functionally distinct populations that enable adaptation and cross-species interactions in a dynamic bioreactor ecosystem.
Tracking labelled nitrogen atoms from multiple substrates into individual peptides within complex microbial communities shows which cellular functions constitute the bulk of proteomic N demand and the metabolic basis of N limitation.
Altered nasal microbiome and increased abundance of the commensal bacterium Streptococcus salivarius are characteristic of allergic rhinitis and contribute to its development in vitro and in vivo.