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Although brain perivascular fibroblast cells were not previously considered to be involved in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), their activity shows a promising early indication of disease symptoms. Månberg and colleagues show that perivascular fibroblast cells become activated in patients with sporadic ALS and in mouse models at an early stage that precedes neuronal loss. The cover artwork by Mattias Karlen shows the location of perivascular fibroblast cells in the neurovascular unit and the formation of an enlarged perivascular space.
Revisiting the challenges of the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, when doctors and patients had to make treatment decisions without the support of scientific evidence, can provide valuable clues on how to prepare for future pandemics.
Climate change can both facilitate zoonotic spillovers and have an effect on transmission chains. These effects, alongside human behavior and awareness, need to be integrated in pandemic forecasting models.
News of two new outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of Guinea, on the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, signals the need for a change of direction in vaccination strategies in the area.
A comprehensive overview of medical AI devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration sheds new light on limitations of the evaluation process that can mask vulnerabilities of devices when they are deployed on patients.
Increased activity in perivascular fibroblasts could precede motor-neuron degeneration and be a predictor of shorter survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Results from the latest phase 3 clinical trial testing combinations of immunotherapy and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors for advanced kidney cancer improve standard first-line treatment options for patients.
Examination of the vaccine strategies and technical platforms used for the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of those used for previous emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and pandemics can offer critical lessons to prepare for future public health emergencies.
A comprehensive review of the current literature on post-acute COVID-19, also referred to as long COVID, its pathophysiology and its organ-specific sequelae highlights the need for multidisciplinary follow-up and care of COVID-19 survivors.
Biallelic loss of BCMA caused a patient with multiple myeloma to relapse after anti-BCMA CAR T cell treatment. Baseline heterozygous BCMA deletions might be a risk factor for this form of resistance.
Human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing spike mutations present in globally circulating variants of concern.
Substitutions in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein present in the B.1.351 variant first detected in South Africa, when expressed in pseudoviruses, mediate escape from neutralization by monoclonal antibodies under clinical development and by plasma from individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, but do not prevent binding of convalescent plasma to recombinant spike protein containing B.1.351 lineage substitutions.
Analysis of data from the COVID Symptom Study app reveals fatigue, headache, dyspnea and anosmia as key attributes of long COVID, with those experiencing five or more symptoms during the first week of being at increased risk of prolonged disease.
Rescue of motor and behavioral deficits in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease following autologous transplantation of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neural progenitors without immunosuppression.
This study of a cohort of over 3,500 pregnant women in six different populations worldwide identifies specific fetal cranial growth trajectories, measured by serial ultrasound scans early in gestation, that are related to postnatal growth and neurodevelopment up to the key milestone age of 2 years.
A genetic link suggests that interventions that halve the risk of malaria episodes could reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency in African children by nearly 50%.
A variant of the OAS1 gene, which encodes an enzyme that is critical for the innate immune response to viral infections, is associated with decreased risk of death in patients with COVID-19.
Large-scale Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses using gene expression and soluble protein data for 1,263 actionable druggable genes, which encode protein targets for approved drugs or drugs in clinical development, identify IFNAR2 and ACE2 as the most promising therapeutic targets for early management of COVID-19.
A new genome editing strategy can normalize the β-globin:α-globin balance in human hematopoietic stem cells from patients with β-thalassemia and restore functional adult hemoglobin tetramers in patient-derived red blood cells.
Integrated analysis of bacterial, fungal and microbial communities in the airways of patients with bronchiectasis demonstrates that interaction networks, rather than the relative abundance of any single microbial species, are associated with exacerbation risk.
First-in-human test of topical application of a commensal bacterium on skin of individuals with atopic dermatitis reduces colonization by proinflammatory Staphylococcus aureus.
Phylogeographic analysis of 792 Ebola virus genomes from the 2018 oubreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo integrated into an end-to-end surveillance program demonstrates the feasibility of using genomic sequencing data to inform the public health epidemic response in near-real time.
A comprehensive analysis of antibody neutralization activity against a panel of authentic isolates and chimeric SARS-CoV-2 variants shows markedly diminished neutralizing activity against the variant B.1.351, first identified in South Africa.
Artificial intelligence coupled with wireless home sensors can monitor the use of insulin pens and inhalers by patients and alert of errors in self-medication in an unobtrusive manner.