Volume 25 Issue 9, September 2019

Parsing the DNA of individual cells gives a higher-resolution view of health and disease.

Jie Qiao is a reproductive physician and biologist who is President and Chief Physician of Peking University Third Hospital. She is also Director of the National Clinical Research Center on Obstetrics & Gynecology and a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Additionally, Professor Qiao is President of China Women Doctors Association and Chair for the Reproductive Medical Society of Chinese Medical Doctor Association.

Eliezer Van Allen is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School, medical oncologist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and associate member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.

Serena Nik-Zainal is a CRUK Advanced Clinician Scientist and Honorary Consultant in Clinical Genetics. Her clinical work involves rare genetic disorders, and her research focuses on cancer genomics at the University of Cambridge, UK.

Modifiable lifestyle risk factors are able to reduce dementia risk only in people with low genetic risk.

Mass administration of azithromycin to young children at risk of dying could reduce harmful intestinal pathogenic bacteria and impact survival, but also increase antibiotic resistance.

A microscope equipped with augmented display and accurate deep-learning models for real-time detection and highlighting of cancerous cells enables detection of breast cancer lymph node metastasis and prostate cancer.

In this Perspective, the authors present a framework, context and guidelines for accelerating the translation of machine-learning-based interventions in health care.

Clinical application of CAR T cells to cancer therapy has met with much success, but future trials must build on current understanding to overcome therapy resistance

A new prosthetic leg that can transmit sensory signals via implanted electrodes is shown to restore meaningful sensory feedback that improves walking performance and lowers phantom limb pain during use in two human lower-limb amputees.

Genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors can interact to either confer protection against, or elevate risk for, development of clinical dementia in a prospective cohort of over 6,000 individuals from the population-based Rotterdam Study.

Mass antibiotic administration to preschool children in Nigerien communities alters the relative abundances of 35 bacterial species in the gut microbiome, including enteric pathogens, but also increases expression of macrolide resistance genes.

A new compound that inhibits HIV capsid assembly and nuclear transport functions offers potential as a long-acting antiretroviral.

Long-term changes in body weight are determined by rates of adipose lipid turnover.

Analysis of the UK Biobank reveals new genetic loci associated with estimated visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass, and suggests that VAT is potentially an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

In an early-phase lentiviral gene therapy trial, gene-corrected autologous hematopoietic stem cells show sustained engraftment and phenotypic correction in non-conditioned patients with Fanconi anemia.

An analysis of T cell specificities sufficient to sustain a neutralizing anti-drug antibody response offers a potential approach for enhancing the clinical efficacy of a therapeutic humanized antibody.

New low-affinity anti-CD19 CAR T cells exhibit peripheral expansion and persistence without inducing severe cytokine-response syndrome in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Direct prospective comparison of circulating tumor DNA and tissue biopsy sequencing shows the superiority of liquid biopsies for capturing clinically relevant alterations mediating resistance to targeted therapies in cancer patients.

A subset of patients treated with selective TRK inhibitors (including the newly approved larotrectinib) develop off-target resistance mediated by genomic acquisition of MAPK pathway-activating alterations, and may benefit from combined targeted therapy.

Stress reduces the effects of various cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, in mice; this is mediated, at least partially, through Tsc22d3 upregulation in tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, which leads to immunosuppression.

A comprehensive biobank of bacterial isolates with longitudinal and multi-omics characterization will advance understanding of the diversity and functions of human gut bacteria.

An artificial intelligence-powered microscope able to detect tumor cells in histopathology slides holds promise for accelerating pathology workflows for cancer diagnosis