Volume 25 Issue 11, November 2019

A handheld microscope sends images from cervical samples to the cloud for analysis.

Climate change makes the challenge of certain tropical ailments even tougher.

One year after the world learned of He Jiankui’s editing of twins, gaps in rules remain.

Cardiometabolic disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the world, driven in part by the rise in unhealthy diets, poor air quality and other byproducts of economic development. A new economic model is needed, one that places people rather than profits at its center.

Homozygous APOE3-Christchurch (R136S) mutation protects a presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation carrier from developing Alzheimer’s disease until her seventies.

Activated CD8⁺ T cells in the tumor and cytotoxic T cell signature correlate with immune response in patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy for treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer.

New findings regarding the risks of over-the-counter probiotics in critically ill patients underscore the need for microbiota-targeted therapies that are based on efficacy in a disease- and host-specific context.

Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure events in 4,744 patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Sergiu Pașca is a faculty member at Stanford University, where he is also the Uytengsu Director of the Stanford Brain Organogenesis Program. He is a pioneer in developing 3D brain-region-specific organoids, assembloids and cellular models of neuropsychiatric disease from stem cells.

Sex differences in the prevalence, risk factors and symptoms of cardiometabolic disorders are being elucidated and should be taken into account in diagnosis and treatment.

The rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries is tied to a multitude of environmental, social and commercial determinants, which are discussed in this Review along with a strategy to counteract those factors.

A unique case from the Colombian cohort of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease is reported in which disease progression is substantially delayed despite unusually high amyloid plaque pathology, possibly related to a rare mutation in APOE3.

Neurological phenotypes of PTEN loss are driven by aberrant mTORC2 signaling, and therapeutic inhibition of the mTORC2 component Rictor by antisense oligonucleotides reverses seizures, social interaction deficits and memory impairments in rodents.

Pluripotent stem cells can generate functional lungs when injected into blastocyst-stage mouse embryos, a step toward the goal of growing human lungs in large animals for disease modeling and therapeutic applications.

Characterization of the genomic landscape of fetal and placental postpartum tissues shows that chromosomal instability associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) is not preserved at later stages of prenatal development. Thus rates of de novo numerical aberrations or large structural DNA imbalances are similar between IVF and naturally conceived live-born neonates.

A single-arm multicenter phase 2 trial demonstrates clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant PD-L1 blockade in patients with resectable muscle-invasive bladder cancer ineligible for cisplatin and examines biomarkers associated with patient outcome.

The degree of sequence divergence between patient MHC class I alleles influences the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy independently of tumor mutational burden.

Epigenetic regulators modulating chromatin accessibility dictate sensitivity to anthracycline-based therapy in early breast cancer and represent potential biomarkers for patient stratification.

Patients in intensive care units administered a bacterial probiotic had an elevated risk of bloodstream infection due to the probiotic strain.

Large-scale sequencing of coding exons of MRAP2 in 9,418 adults and adolescents identifies loss-of-function mutations that are associated with monogenic obesity, hypertension and hyperglycemia.

Targeting the adipokine adipsin and its downstream pathway may provide an approach for preservation of beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes.

Antibodies in CSF specific for viral peptides implicate enteroviruses in acute flaccid myelitis.

Analysis of data from over 400,000 UK Biobank participants shows that eGFR measured by cystatin C, but not serum creatinine, is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes and mortality.

The beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease are linked to decreased inflammation through crosstalk between adipose tissue and hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Disrupting the normal maturation of the infant gut microbiota induced late-onset sepsis in mice, which could be prevented by administering specific bacteria.

A first-in-class engineered receptor decoy that neutralizes CLCF1–CNTFR signaling exhibits antitumor activity in preclinical models of lung adenocarcinoma driven by some mutant KRAS variants and other oncogenic genotypes.