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The germinal matrix of premature infants, densely packed with neural precursor cells and blood vessels, is selectively vulnerable to hemorrhage. In this issue, Ballabh et al. show that antiangiogenic therapy can reduce the incidence and severity of germinal matrix hemorrhage. Germinal matrix of a 24-week-old premature infant was stained to show blood vessels (laminin, white), radial glia (VEGF, red; GFAP, green) and nuclei (blue). Image courtesy of Xiaoning Han and Takahiro Takano.
Large-scale sequencing projects to identify mutations related to cancer and psychiatric disorders will generate a lot of data. But the usefulness of these results will be limited unless we have good models to test their contribution to disease.
Could ten minutes of sunlight a day be all that’s needed to fight multiple sclerosis, cancer and tuberculosis? Apoorva Mandavilli discovers the growing interest in vitamin D's many virtues.
After a two-year struggle, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine has distributed $121 million for embryonic stem cell research. Erika Check speaks with Robert Klein, who chairs the institute's Independent Citizens Oversight Committee.
Platelets act as intermediaries in the pathogenesis of sepsis—sensing bacteria and signaling neutrophils to release fibrous traps that remove bacteria from the bloodstream. This response may also contribute to tissue injury (pages 463–469).
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which mediates antibody diversification, is now implicated as an inducer of p53 mutagenesis in cancer cells (pages 470–476).
Chemokines in the brain recruit immune cells from the blood or from within the brain. Disrupting this line of communication exacerbates disease in mouse models of Alzheimer disease (pages 432–438).
Findings from a mouse model of multiple sclerosis suggest that regulatory T cells alone cannot outduel pathogenic T cells in the central nervous system. The observations may have implications for experimental approaches designed to dampen autoimmune diseases by infusion of regulatory T cells (pages 423–431).
'Impulsivity' occurs frequently in people with addiction and other common disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Experiments in rats suggest that reduced dopamine receptor availability in the brain's ventral striatum may underlie links between impulsivity and addiction.