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Volume 12 Issue 12, December 2006

The epiphyseal region of long bone, featuring numerous bone-degrading osteoclasts (red cells). In this issue, Takayanagi and colleagues show that CaMKIV phosphorylation of CREB is essential for osteoclast maturation and function. Photo courtesy of Hiroshi Takayanagi.

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News & Views

  • HIV-1 infection results in chronic activation of the immune system—a process that is thought to contribute to T-cell depletion and progression to AIDS. Chronic activation is now suggested to occur through a breakdown of the mucosal barrier and stimulation of immune cells by microbial products (pages 13651371).

    • Barton F Haynes
    News & Views
  • Activation of certain G protein–coupled receptors stimulates production of the neurotoxic amyloid-β peptide through internalization of a membrane-embedded protease (pages 13901396).

    • Michael S Wolfe
    News & Views
  • Certain oncogenes seem to be able to trigger cellular senescence and growth arrest, thereby holding cancer at bay. Two new studies suggest that oncogenes trigger senescence through activation of a pathway initially described as sensing DNA damage.

    • Liu Cao
    • Toren Finkel
    News & Views
  • A protein has been identified that promotes the formation of osteoclasts, bone-degrading cells—while also inhibiting osteoblasts, bone-forming cells. The findings could lead to new avenues of drug development to strengthen bone (pages 14031409).

    • Brendan F Boyce
    • Lianping Xing
    News & Views
  • An explanation has come to light for the long-observed phenomenon that ultraviolet light suppresses the immune response in the skin. Light and other stimuli prompt the proliferation of regulatory T cells through the upregulation of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) on skin cells (pages 13721379).

    • Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
    • Shimon Sakaguchi
    News & Views
  • Dietary lipids seem to activate a Toll-like receptor, which is better known for its defense against infectious pathogens. The findings suggest that the resulting inflammatory response may link obesity with type 2 diabetes.

    • Matthias Tschöp
    • George Thomas
    News & Views
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