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Integrated analysis of clinical, serological and behavioral data estimates that current clinical surveillance systems detect only 1 of 3,280 true community infections in a cholera-endemic region of Bangladesh.
In the phase 2 RENOBATE trial, the combination of regorafenib and nivolumab as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma exhibited a safe profile and met the primary endpoint with a 31% overall response rate.
A new study from the eMERGE consortium provides insights on the development of a pipeline for the generation and reporting of polygenic risk scores for ten diseases to diverse populations in a clinical setting.
Following the observation that higher circulating levels of metabolites derived from niacin—an essential micronutrient that is fortified in cereals—are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular events, genetic and preclinical studies established links among niacin-derived metabolites, soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 levels and leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium.
In a phase 3 trial, an anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy intervention delivered during pregnancy by non-specialist providers in Pakistan reduced the incidence of postnatal depression and anxiety compared to enhanced care.
In a phase 2 trial involving patients with kidney failure who were undergoing hemodialysis, treatment with osocimab—an antibody targeting coagulation factor XIa—did not lead to increased rates of clinically relevant bleeding or an increased risk of adverse events as compared to placebo, suggesting the possibility that factor XIa inhibitors may be safer in this patient population than currently available anticoagulants.
A new inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis leucyl-tRNA synthetase is associated with bactericidal activity in humans and may be a candidate for combination therapy of tuberculosis.
Understanding the dynamics of the gut microbiota over the course of cancer treatment regimens and their associated adverse events can help identify microbial features that associate with response to immune checkpoint blockade.
In a prospective study across US states where abortion remains legal, telehealth medication abortion, provided primarily without tests, was effective, safe and comparable to previous findings from large US studies investigating in-person medication abortion care.
Denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand inhibitor, previously developed for osteoporosis, was shown to be effective at inducing structural modification in patients with erosive hand osteoarthritis after 24 weeks.
Fifteen years’ follow-up of clinical development and real-world data from 43 patients show that gammaretroviral gene therapy for adenosine deaminase deficiency has a positive long-term efficacy profile, warranting continued safety monitoring of patients receiving gene therapy.
In the phase 2 HUDSON study, patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer received anti-PD-L1 combined with biomarker-guided therapy targeting ATR kinase, PARP, STAT3 or CD73, leading to encouraging clinical benefit in response to combination of the ATR kinase inhibitor ceralasertib with durvalumab.
In an exploratory preplanned biomarker analysis of the phase 3 PARADIGM trial, a lack of resistance gene alterations in baseline circulating tumor DNA (negative hyperselection) was associated with prolonged overall survival after first-line panitumumab with chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.
An interrupted time series analysis found that the World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control reduced smoking prevalence across 170 countries (excluding China) since the country-specific year of ratification.
Small-molecule senolytic compounds targeting BCL-xL were beneficial in a mouse model of diabetic edema and well tolerated when tested in a phase 1 trial involving eight patients with diabetic macular edema.
In an analysis of severe dengue cases in a cohort of children in India, more than half could be attributed to primary rather than secondary infection, suggesting that primary dengue infections might also contribute substantially to severe disease burden.
In this first-in-human phase 1 dose-escalation trial of OMO-103, a MYC inhibitor, in patients with solid tumors, treatment was safe and showed preliminary clinical activity along with demonstrated target engagement and identification of potential pharmacodynamic markers.
In a large-scale study involving 389 board-certified dermatologists and 459 primary-care physicians from 39 countries, the impact of a deep learning-aided decision support system on physicians’ diagnostic accuracy was tested across 46 skin diseases and for both light and dark skin tones.
Implementation of a self-referral chatbot for mental healthcare services increased access substantially in a large multicenter study, with a much larger effect on minority individuals.
In a prespecified interim analysis of the phase 3 trial GEMSTONE-304, anti-PD-L1 with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone led to significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.