News Feature in 2011

Scientists had long assumed that any genetic mutation that does not alter a protein sequence should have no impact on human health. But recent research has shown that such synonymous DNA changes can trigger disease in a number of ways. Alla Katsnelson talks to scientists and biotech companies who are speaking up about 'silent' mutations.

Two recently discovered genes involved in ALS could reveal the pathways that are central to the neurodegeneration caused by the disease. But as some researchers storm ahead suggesting treatments targeting these genes, others are questioning how relevant the reports are for nonheritable forms of the disease. Virginia Hughes investigates why the new findings seem to have struck a nerve in the ALS community.

A burst of research into the genetics of autism has given scientists insight into the basis for the disorder. Now, some companies aim to capitalize on these findings by developing DNA screens that might one day provide a diagnosis at birth. Hannah Waters examines the genetic tests and explores what parents—and their autistic children—have to gain.

Many of today's most celebrated drugs are designed to hit only one biological target with great precision. But a novel clinical trial aims to turn this idea on its head by using 'network pharmacology' to more effectively tackle a common neurological disorder affecting limb movement. Claire Ainsworth looks into how medicine's proverbial 'magic bullet' might soon give way to a more sophisticated arsenal.

More than a decade after Japanese scientists implanted the first bioengineered blood vessel into a child with a congenital heart defect, the experimental treatment has finally made its way into clinical testing in the US. Elie Dolgin asks what took so long and what lessons have been learned along the way.

There are no magic bullets in the fight against cancer. But by targeting proteins found almost exclusively in tumor cells and the testes, researchers may have discovered the closest thing yet. Megan Scudellari explores how a handful of young investigators hope to turn magic into reality.

International collaborations are common in science. But some researchers go one step further, holding formal appointments in two (or more) countries—in some cases, on opposite sides of the globe. Cassandra Willyard examines what researchers have to gain from such far-flung arrangements.

A group of scientists and dedicated women are participating in rigorous research to uncover secrets of a less-high-profile part of the microbiome. The goal: to learn more about a vaginal disease that most people have never heard of but affects millions of women each year with potentially life-threatening consequences to their unborn children. Alison McCook reports on the unique challenges of developing treatments for a condition with a feminine mystique.

Countless technologies aim to give scientists accurate readouts of the key components of biological samples from patients. But what if it's better to listen to a sample than to look at it? Elie Dolgin visits one company that's adapting a vibration detector developed for telecommunication satellites to make what could be the most sensitive commercial biosensor ever built.