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Using a device implanted in KRAS-driven pancreatic tumors, authors demonstrate that cancer cells incorporate proteins in their microenvironment as a source of amino acids. This work provides a novel approach to study tumor metabolism that could be applied with therapeutic purposes.
The therapeutic response of acute myeloid leukemia to the nucleoside analog Ara-C is controlled by SAMHD1, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the active metabolite Ara-CTP.
Soluble uPAR is known to contribute to certain types of chronic kidney disease, and myeloid cells from the bone marrow have now been shown to be a key source of this factor.
B cells protect against inflammation-associated preterm labor via IL-33-induced PIBF1 expression in mice, which suggests a therapy for this condition in humans.
Akkermansia muciniphila, a member of the gut microbiome, has been shown to improve metabolism in mice. Here it is reported that its pasteurization further improves this effect, and that one of its membrane proteins by itself has a similar benefit.
By reducing the availability of extracellular L-cyst(e)ine, an engineered enzyme inhibits glutathione production and cripples antioxidant defenses of tumors in a variety of mouse models.
Copy-number alterations detected in circulating tumor cells at time of diagnosis predict chemosensitive versus chemorefractory responses; however, CTCs obtained after subsequent relapse bear a chemosensitive copy-number alteration profile, which suggests that different mechanisms drive initial and acquired chemoresistance.
Ram Savan and colleagues report that two miRNAs known to suppress type 3 interferon (IFN) signaling also downregulate type 1IFN signaling in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected hepatocytes. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which antiviral IFN signaling is inhibited in HCV infection.
AML cells carrying R882 mutations in DNMT3A fail to sense and repair DNA damage induced by standard-dose chemotherapy as a result of impaired chromatin remodeling
Selective pharmacological blockade of forebrain excitatory AMPA receptors that express the TARP γ-8 subunit enables antiepileptic therapy in rodent models of epilepsy without inducing motor impairments associated with currently used antiepileptic drugs.
Antibodies elicited by vaccination with influenza vaccine produced in eggs bind more strongly to the egg-adapted vaccine strain than to wild-type circulating strains.
Analysis of T cells isolated from patients with and without type 1 diabetes reveals reactivity to a range of native as well as post-translationally modified self-antigens only in individuals with T1D.
In triple-negative breast cancer, the PIM1 kinase is highly expressed, acts to promote tumor cell survival and growth, and increases MYC transcriptional activity.
Whole-genome sequencing identified recurrent fusions involving the MET oncogene, and MET inhibitors suppressed tumor growth in mouse models and in a human patient.
Dietary zinc supplements are in common use, but their effect on infection is unclear. New findings now show that excess dietary zinc reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility of antibiotic-treated mice to Clostridium difficile infection.
In a mouse model of traumatic brain injury, treatment with a carbon-monoxide-releasing molecule is shown to reduce pericyte cell death and promote neurogenesis, leading to an amelioration of neurological deficits.
Differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of infants associate with relative risk of atopy in childhood, and metabolites linked with these distinct microbial states alter T cell differentiation ex vivo.
The ubiquitin-specific protease HAUSP deubiquitinates and stabilizes N-Myc, and small-molecule inhibitors of HAUSP suppress the growth of MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cell lines implanted in mice.
The ability of transplanted neural stem cells to ameliorate neuropathological and behavioral phenotypes after experimental stroke in mice is enhanced by co-treatment with 3K3A-APC, which acts to stimulate neuronal differentiation and functional integration within the host circuitry.