Letters

In a pilot field study conducted in rural South Africa, deep learning algorithms can accurately classify rapid HIV tests as positive or negative, highlighting the potential of deep learning–enabled diagnostics for use in low- and middle-income countries.

In a prospective cohort study, HIV-positive participants have a higher incidence of clonal hematopoiesis than HIV-negative ones, implicating clonal hematopoiesis in the increased risks of individuals with HIV for malignancy and cardiovascular disease.

An artificial intelligence system prospectively deployed to design radiation therapy plans for patients with prostate cancer illustrates the real-world impact of machine learning in clinical practice and identifies factors influencing human–algorithm interaction

Understanding the ecological drivers of highly transmissible, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Single-cell RNA profiling of human cystic fibrosis proximal airway tissue reveals an overabundance of epithelial cells transitioning to specialized ciliated and secretory cells coupled with a decrease in cycling basal cells.

The adaptive, biomarker-driven BISCAY trial evaluating durvalumab with targeted agents in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma based on tumor genomic alterations finds no added clinical benefit over durvalumab monotherapy.

Genetic and protein expression analyses of serially collected tumor biopsies from a patient with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors provide insights into tumor microenvironment changes that occur during treatment resistance.

A first-in-human trial of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α inhibitor belzutifan (MK-6482) has a favorable safety profile and shows promising clinical activity for the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma who have been heavily pre-treated.

Integration of variables to account for different speeds of vaccination rollouts and transmission dynamics of new SARS-CoV-2 strains into the SIDARTHE-V model suggests that maintaining non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy is essential for minimizing mortality in Italy into 2022.

Increased perivascular fibroblast activity and vascular remodeling occurs early in ALS pathogenesis and can predict patient survival time

This study of a cohort of over 3,500 pregnant women in six different populations worldwide identifies specific fetal cranial growth trajectories, measured by serial ultrasound scans early in gestation, that are related to postnatal growth and neurodevelopment up to the key milestone age of 2 years.

Analysis of data from the COVID Symptom Study app reveals fatigue, headache, dyspnea and anosmia as key attributes of long COVID, with those experiencing five or more symptoms during the first week of being at increased risk of prolonged disease.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer uncovers pervasive coexpression of androgen receptor isoforms and cancer cell–intrinsic and microenvironmental programs of treatment resistance

Rescue of motor and behavioral deficits in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease following autologous transplantation of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neural progenitors without immunosuppression.

A genetic link suggests that interventions that halve the risk of malaria episodes could reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency in African children by nearly 50%.

Songling virus is a newly discovered orthonairovirus found in the blood of patients hospitalized with febrile illness and having a history of tick bites.

In a first-in-human phase 1 trial of patients with HPV-associated metastatic epithelial cancers, T cells targeting HPV-16 E7 were well tolerated, with one observed dose-limiting toxicity, and elicited objective clinical responses in 6 of 12 treated patients.

Long-term outcomes and biomarker analyses of two neoadjuvant immunotherapy clinical trials in melanoma patients support the clinical benefit of this treatment approach and uncover prognostic correlates of response.

New analysis tracking the course of the COVID-19 epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa shows high country-to-country variation in disease and mortality burdens, as well as demonstrating a minimal role for climate in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 when compared with other factors, such as human mobility.

Interrogation of 1,365 near whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in South Africa during the first 6 months of the global pandemic reveals three major monophyletic lineages responsible for more than half of the infections in the country and underscores the value of integrating genomic surveillance methods to inform the national pandemic response.