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Systematic analysis of more than 5,900 human tumor exomes yields a new genomic classifier of microsatellite instability and insight into its prevalence and biological implications.
Both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are susceptible to subcutaneous infection with Zika virus; longitudinal studies of infected animals provide information about the temporal dynamics of Zika virus in distinct cells, tissues and body fluids, as well as the immune response to the virus.
Reduced hyaluronan–TLR4 signaling in a stem cell population of the lung contributes to a lack of renewal of these cells and promotes fibrosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
In humans and rodent models, commensal gut bacteria contribute to post-stroke infection. Experimental stroke in rodents causes gut barrier dysfunction and permeability, enabling translocation and dissemination of host gut microbiota.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) develop in a minority of HIV-infected individuals. Analyzing data from more than 4,000 infected individuals, Alexandra Trkola and colleagues identify viral, host and disease factors associated with the development of bNAbs that may inform future vaccine design.
A protocol is developed to enable the differentiation of microglial-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells, which are shown to resemble primary human microglia, integrate into 3D neuronal cultures, and perform phagocytic and injury-response functions.
Dietary zinc supplements are in common use, but their effect on infection is unclear. New findings now show that excess dietary zinc reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility of antibiotic-treated mice to Clostridium difficile infection.
In a mouse model of traumatic brain injury, treatment with a carbon-monoxide-releasing molecule is shown to reduce pericyte cell death and promote neurogenesis, leading to an amelioration of neurological deficits.
An allosteric inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase reveals a metabolic liability of non-small-cell lung cancer and slows tumor growth alone and in combination with chemotherapy in mouse models.
New animal models of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection are imperative to accelerating efforts to treat or prevent disease in humans. Adams Waldorf et al. now report that ZIKV infection of a pregnant female pigtailed macaque caused brain lesions in the developing fetus, suggesting that this model may be useful for understanding ZIKV-associated congenital abnormalities in humans.
Differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of infants associate with relative risk of atopy in childhood, and metabolites linked with these distinct microbial states alter T cell differentiation ex vivo.
The ubiquitin-specific protease HAUSP deubiquitinates and stabilizes N-Myc, and small-molecule inhibitors of HAUSP suppress the growth of MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cell lines implanted in mice.
A recent study suggests that exposure to the mold Aspergillus induces the production of antibodies that neutralize interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which increases the risk of mycobacterial disease.
A new study has proposed a mechanism for the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) that links endothelial CCM3 deficiency to increased secretion of the vascular destabilizing protein angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2).
A new study shows that withaferin A, a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, can exert profound metabolic benefits in mice, including body-weight loss, reduced hepatic steatosis and improved glucose control.