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Amid heightened concerns about the Zika virus outbreak in parts of the Western Hemisphere, it is worth remembering that the most extreme countermeasures are not necessarily the only ones worth trying. We must engage in calculated and diverse responses that will ensure sustainable outcomes for this and other outbreaks.
In a recent study, beige adipocytes were derived from the capillaries of human subcutaneous adipose tissue. When implanted into mice, these cells enhanced glucose tolerance, thus providing evidence for their potential therapeutic use.
A study has demonstrated that transplanting human embryonic stem cell–derived, insulin-producing cells shielded in capsules made with an optimized biomaterial can achieve long-term cure of diabetes in mice without the need for any immunosuppression.
Two new studies show that mechanisms of acquired resistance to targeted therapy in lung cancer do not necessarily pre-exist in resistant subclones. Instead, some cancers may harbor the potential to acquire a variety of drug-resistance mechanisms after response to targeted therapy.
Ron Duman and colleagues discuss recent insights into a role for circuit disruption in the mechanisms of stress-induced depression. Furthermore they discuss the potential for rapid-acting antidepressants to alleviate these defects.
Genomic analysis of a single metastasis informs about the oncogenic—and potentially druggable—genomic alterations present in other tumors within the same man with metastatic prostate cancer.
Inhibition of ROR-γt impairs TH17 responses, but not innate lymphoid cells, and is therapeutically effective in mouse models of intestinal inflammation.
In a mouse model of the 5q- subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome, haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein gene Rps14 leads to anemia through a mechanism involving innate immune signaling and the Tlr4 ligand S100A8, which induces a p53-dependent block to erythroid differentiation.
Expression of HNF1A and KRT81 stratifies pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors into different subtypes, and expression of cytochrome P450 3A5 mediates basal and/or drug-induced therapy resistance in each subtype.
Transcriptional profiling of Kras-driven early lesions—aimed at identifying founder events—reveals DDR1 as a therapeutic target relevant to adenocarcinoma.
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of metastatic biopsies from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer reveals marked epigenetic differences between samples with adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine histologies.