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Mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae that lead to gain or loss of capsule production affect pathogenicity and associate with bloodstream or urinary tract infections, respectively.
In a large and prospective cohort, higher polygenic risk is associated with higher risk and earlier age of onset for cardiometabolic disorders and cancer, and has added value to clinical risk scores in clinical disease prediction.
A new cross-validated neuroimaging biomarker that reflects striatal dysfunctioning can be used to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls, and is associated with treatment response to antipsychotics.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing of blood from HIV-1-infected individuals obtained before initiation of antiretroviral therapy provides insights into the initial immune responses during early infection that might shape future outcomes.
Cross-biobank analysis reveals that polygenic risk scores (PRS) for hypertension and obesity are associated with shorter lifespan, serving as a proof-of-principle that PRS could pinpoint causal risk factors that affect long-term health outcomes.
An estimation of the clinical severity of COVID-19, based on the data available so far, can help to inform the public health response during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Immune checkpoint blockade has been proposed as a potentially curative strategy to reduce the HIV reservoir. Studies in monkeys now show that this approach alone is ineffective at enabling viral control after antiretroviral treatment interruption.
A single therapeutic base edit of the BCL11A enhancer in human HSPCs can ameliorate cellular defects associated with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia in vitro and efficiently induce fetal hemoglobin expression upon engraftment in mice in vivo.
The relative concentrations of four metabolites in maternal blood at 36 weeks of gestation predict fetal growth restriction in infants subsequently born at term, enabling enhanced fetal monitoring in pregnancies at risk.
The development of an algorithm that can imperceptibly manipulate electrocardiographic data to fool a deep learning model for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmia highlights the potential vulnerability of artificial intelligence-enabled diagnosis to adversarial attacks.
Star-shaped, approximately 1-mm-wide ceramic particles, termed STAR particles, create micropores in the skin and, when added to topical formulations, enhance drug and vaccine delivery through the skin in mice.
Early results from a first-in-human retinal gene therapy trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa indicate that, at an intermediate dose, AAV8-RPGR is safe and in a subset of patients can lead to gains in visual function.
Distinct patterns of exposure to a first-line tuberculosis drug in separate lung lesions within patients are revealed by PET–CT imaging. Use of the technique might help optimize the duration and dosing of antimicrobial drugs.
A new human challenge model of schistosomiasis, which affects more than 290 million people globally, will aid development of novel therapies and vaccines for this neglected tropical disease.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies a distinct gene signature associated with peripheral monocyte populations that distinguishes people with sepsis from those with sterile inflammation and uninfected controls.
A framework of patient-partnered research allows patients with angiosarcoma to share their samples and clinical records securely to accelerate molecular characterization of tumors and identification of therapeutic approaches.
Transcriptomic analysis of peripheral CD8+ T cells in a cohort of patients with metastatic melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibitors shows that the number of large clones early post-treatment is strongly associated with six-month clinical outcome.
T cell responses specific for HIV-1 Gag peptides increased in HIV-positive recipients of two broadly neutralizing antibodies with prolonged suppression of blood viremia during antiretroviral treatment interruption.
Zika virus vaccination elicits Zika and dengue virus cross-neutralizing antibodies in flavivirus-exposed individuals, potentially enhancing the protective efficacy of the vaccine in flavivirus-endemic regions.