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Glial cells influence brain function and disease progression. This study identifies signals that elicit hemorrhage-specific glia plasticity, including proliferation and the acquisition of neural stem cell properties. It thereby sets a foundation for aligning glia reactivity with disease progression and for attempting to use this endogenous stem cell pool for brain repair.
Research participants often do not represent the target population for treatment. Systematic exclusion of particular groups limits the generalizability of research and perpetuates health inequalities. The REP-EQUITY toolkit guides representative and equitable inclusion in research. Its use may promote trust between communities and research institutions and improve the applicability of research findings.
Developed through systematic review and expert consensus, the REP-EQUITY toolkit provides a seven-step guide for investigators to facilitate representative and equitable recruitment into clinical research studies.
Nature Medicine asks leading researchers to name their top clinical trial for 2024, from base editing and a vaccine against HIV to artificial intelligence tools for lung cancer and patient triage.
A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of problematic alcohol use in one million individuals identified 110 risk variants and shows that multi-ancestry polygenic scores improve risk prediction compared with single-ancestry scores
A validated biomarker risk score based on the expression of 34 genes improves risk stratification of patients with meningioma, including prediction of post-operative radiotherapy benefit.
In an arm of a phase 1b trial, the combination of divarasib, a KRAS G12C inhibitor, and cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, was well tolerated with an encouraging overall response rate of 62.5% in patients with KRAS G12C-positive colorectal cancer.
In the homologous recombination repair-deficient population of TALAPRO-2, a placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor talazoparib plus enzalutamide led to prolonged progression-free survival compared with placebo plus enzalutamide.
In a prespecified 3-year analysis of the KEN SHE trial, single-dose HPV vaccination was shown to be well tolerated and provided durable protection against cervical HPV infection in Kenyan women aged 15–20 years.
A phase 1 feasibility trial shows that bilateral deep brain stimulation within the central lateral thalamus can be safely applied and is associated with improved executive control.
A prognostic model for invasive breast cancer that is based on interpretable measurements of epithelial, stromal, and immune components outperforms histologic grading by expert pathologists. This model could improve clinical management of patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and address the concerns of pathologists about artificial intelligence (AI) trustworthiness by providing transparent and explainable predictions.
Nature Medicine asks six leading AI researchers to explain how LLM-powered chatbots are having an impact on health, from virtual nurses to detecting cancer progression.
In people with cardiovascular disease (without diabetes) and overweight or obesity, the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events.
A study of nearly one million people who underwent a CT scan before 22 years of age finds that the radiation from CT scans increased the risk of hematological malignancies in a dose-dependent manner. These findings highlight the continued need to justify CT scans and minimize radiation doses.
The adoption of medical AI devices in clinical practice is still in its infancy, with uneven usage across procedures and locations in the USA, which underscores the inequities in its real-world implementation.
