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Using ethnically and geographically diverse metagenomic data, the authors identify microbiota alterations associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They discover universal IBD-associated bacteria, which serve as the basis for a multibacteria biomarker panel that could support a noninvasive tool for IBD diagnosis.

In a study of more than 250,000 adults who underwent noncardiac surgery, we found that new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurs at a predictable rate and is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Postoperative oral anticoagulation eliminated the POAF-attributable risk of stroke during the first year after surgery.

In participants from a randomized controlled trial, doxy-PEP use over 6 months minimally affected the gut microbiome’s taxonomic composition but increased the abundance and active expression of tetracycline antibiotic resistance genes.

Artificial intelligence is being hyped for its potential to revolutionize assisted reproduction, including embryo selection — but a new study reveals that the inflated expectations of new technologies are not always justified.

In the phase 3 EVER-132-002 trial, patients with HR⁺HER2⁻ metastatic breast cancer from Asia were treated with the Trop-2-directed antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab govitecan or chemotherapy, and those receiving sacituzumab govitecan experienced prolonged progression-free survival compared with patients treated with chemotherapy.

In a phase 1 trial, pediatric or adult patients with T-ALL who received CD5-targeted CAR-T cell therapy using cells from previous or newly matched donors showed an encouraging clinical response rate, with some severe adverse events that required attention and effective management.

Repeat expansion disorders are found in all major global populations, and their frequency is up to three times higher than typically quoted, suggesting underdiagnosis or incomplete penetrance.

Daily injection with the weight-loss drug liraglutide was more effective than placebo (both combined with lifestyle interventions) at reducing weight in children 6–12 years of age with obesity.

FDA advisory committees provide useful recommendations for decision-making, but optimization efforts could help reduce burdens and improve public understanding.

In this biomarker cohort analysis of CheckMate 153, analyses of genomic alterations and neoepitope immunogenicity in tumor tissue samples from patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab show the evolution of neoantigens during nivolumab-induced selection pressure and how it associates with clinical response.

A randomized controlled trial involving patients with stage 3b chronic kidney disease from primary care reported that in contrast to reported cardiorenal protective effects of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), the steroidal MRA spironolactone did not reduce mortality or cardiovascular disease hospitalization compared to usual care.

The rapid waning of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum antibodies observed after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines may be accounted for by the absence of long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow specific for the virus.

In a phase 1 trial followed by translational analyses, patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD123 experienced high levels of cytokine release syndrome and short-lived clinical responses, probably due to CAR T cell-derived cytokines increasing the viability of AML blasts and antigen persistence.

This study reports substantial economic value in annual income if mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, cancers and injuries is reduced.

Forming the recommendations of the World Bank’s Healthy Longevity Initiative, this analysis finds that the economic impact of avoidable mortality globally is equivalent to 23% of the annual income.

Stockpiled A(H5N1) influenza vaccines made using viruses from the mid-2000s stimulate antibodies that cross-react with current strains, despite being separated by 20 years of viral evolution — supporting investment in vaccine stockpiling for pandemic preparedness.

We developed ehrapy, an open-source Python software framework for the exploratory analysis of electronic health record data. Ehrapy handles various widely used data formats, preprocessing tasks such as imputation of missing data and bias detection, and offers tools for analyses including patient stratification, survival analysis, causal inference and trajectory inference.

Trained on a medical knowledge graph, a foundation model is used to rank drugs as potential indications and contraindications across 17,080 diseases, identifying therapeutic candidates in a zero-shot framework even for diseases with limited treatment options or no existing drugs and outperforming existing models by a large margin.

An analysis of longitudinal data reveals disparities in healthy working life expectancy across Chinese populations depending on various socioeconomic and demographic factors. These findings can inform inclusive strategies for extending healthy working lives for different people.