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Nature Medicine asks leading researchers to name their top clinical trial for 2024, from base editing and a vaccine against HIV to artificial intelligence tools for lung cancer and patient triage.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of problematic alcohol use in one million individuals identified 110 risk variants and shows that multi-ancestry polygenic scores improve risk prediction compared with single-ancestry scores

A validated biomarker risk score based on the expression of 34 genes improves risk stratification of patients with meningioma, including prediction of post-operative radiotherapy benefit.

In an arm of a phase 1b trial, the combination of divarasib, a KRAS G12C inhibitor, and cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, was well tolerated with an encouraging overall response rate of 62.5% in patients with KRAS G12C-positive colorectal cancer.

In the homologous recombination repair-deficient population of TALAPRO-2, a placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor talazoparib plus enzalutamide led to prolonged progression-free survival compared with placebo plus enzalutamide.

In a prespecified 3-year analysis of the KEN SHE trial, single-dose HPV vaccination was shown to be well tolerated and provided durable protection against cervical HPV infection in Kenyan women aged 15–20 years.

A phase 1 feasibility trial shows that bilateral deep brain stimulation within the central lateral thalamus can be safely applied and is associated with improved executive control.

A prognostic model for invasive breast cancer that is based on interpretable measurements of epithelial, stromal, and immune components outperforms histologic grading by expert pathologists. This model could improve clinical management of patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and address the concerns of pathologists about artificial intelligence (AI) trustworthiness by providing transparent and explainable predictions.

Nature Medicine asks six leading AI researchers to explain how LLM-powered chatbots are having an impact on health, from virtual nurses to detecting cancer progression.

In people with cardiovascular disease (without diabetes) and overweight or obesity, the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events.

A study of nearly one million people who underwent a CT scan before 22 years of age finds that the radiation from CT scans increased the risk of hematological malignancies in a dose-dependent manner. These findings highlight the continued need to justify CT scans and minimize radiation doses.

The adoption of medical AI devices in clinical practice is still in its infancy, with uneven usage across procedures and locations in the USA, which underscores the inequities in its real-world implementation.

The prevalence of aneuploid cells in miscarried human embryos is higher than previously quoted. Genomic imbalances seem to be less tolerated in the embryoblast than the trophoblast, which indicates that allocation of aneuploid cells to the inner cell mass during blastocyst formation might have a detrimental effect on embryo development.

Deep learning enables comprehensive and interpretable scoring for breast cancer prognosis prediction, outperforming pathologists in multicenter validation and providing insight on prognostic biomarkers.

A four-arm cluster-randomized trial testing the effects of a low cash incentive, a high cash incentive, a health message and a placebo on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in villages in rural Ghana demonstrated highest uptake with a low cash incentive.