Nature Medicine asks leading researchers to name their top clinical trial for 2024, from base editing and a vaccine against HIV to artificial intelligence tools for lung cancer and patient triage.

Nature Medicine asks six leading AI researchers to explain how LLM-powered chatbots are having an impact on health, from virtual nurses to detecting cancer progression.

Deep learning enables comprehensive and interpretable scoring for breast cancer prognosis prediction, outperforming pathologists in multicenter validation and providing insight on prognostic biomarkers.

A four-arm cluster-randomized trial testing the effects of a low cash incentive, a high cash incentive, a health message and a placebo on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in villages in rural Ghana demonstrated highest uptake with a low cash incentive.

Developed through systematic review and expert consensus, the REP-EQUITY toolkit provides a seven-step guide for investigators to facilitate representative and equitable recruitment into clinical research studies.

Intracerebral hemorrhage triggers astrocyte proliferation and mediates neural stem cell potential via Galectin3 signaling.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of problematic alcohol use in one million individuals identified 110 risk variants and shows that multi-ancestry polygenic scores improve risk prediction compared with single-ancestry scores

In an arm of a phase 1b trial, the combination of divarasib, a KRAS G12C inhibitor, and cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, was well tolerated with an encouraging overall response rate of 62.5% in patients with KRAS G12C-positive colorectal cancer.

In the homologous recombination repair-deficient population of TALAPRO-2, a placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor talazoparib plus enzalutamide led to prolonged progression-free survival compared with placebo plus enzalutamide.

In a prespecified 3-year analysis of the KEN SHE trial, single-dose HPV vaccination was shown to be well tolerated and provided durable protection against cervical HPV infection in Kenyan women aged 15–20 years.

In people with cardiovascular disease (without diabetes) and overweight or obesity, the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events.

The adoption of medical AI devices in clinical practice is still in its infancy, with uneven usage across procedures and locations in the USA, which underscores the inequities in its real-world implementation.

Preclinical and initial human studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be promising treatments for alcohol use disorder, but existing approved treatments should be used until safety and efficacy is demonstrated in clinical trials.

The report — the first of its kind from the WHO — is intended as a roadmap for building responsive and inclusive health systems for displaced people.

A year ago, we adopted an ethics framework to help with the assessment of and to increase transparency and accountability for research practices in studies involving partnerships between researchers in high- and low-income settings. We now reflect on our progress, what we learned and the way forward to champion ethical, inclusive and equitable partnerships in the content we publish.

A citizen science approach has helped craft a resource-rich vaginal microbiome map with associations to lifestyle and events across a woman’s life course.