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Image depicting the four cardinal signs of inflammation - redness, heat, swelling and pain - originally described by the Roman Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the first century AD. This month we focus on how inflammation is resolved in a series of specially commissioned review articles. These articles and additional features are available free online (www.nature.com.ni/focus/inflammation/index.html) during December 2005. Artwork by Lewis Long.
The accumulation of eosinophils in lung tissue, an invariant feature of allergic asthma, requires autocrine production of the cytokine GM-CSF. New data suggest protein isomerization mediated by the enzyme Pin1 is key to the stability of GM-CSF mRNA and eosinophil survival.
The elementary molecular structure responsible for initiating T cell receptor signaling is unknown. Distinct microclusters of a few tens of molecules may accomplish this.
Lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes is thought to require signals on T cells for the initiation of exit movement. Another possibility is that signaling instead opens endothelial 'gates' through which lymphocytes pass.