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Volume 6 Issue 10, October 2005

During dendritic cell maturation surface expression of peptideãƒâƒã‚âƒãƒâ‚ã‚â‚ãƒâƒã‚â‚ãƒâ‚ã‚â–major histocompatibility complex MHC) is enhanced. Strominger and colleagues (p 1020; News and Views by Jensen, p 968) find that inhibition of caspasemediated cleavage of adaptor protein 1 is required for appropriate sorting of molecules such as MHC class II in the cells. The image shows surface expression of peptideãƒâƒã‚âƒãƒâ‚ã‚â‚ãƒâƒã‚â‚ãƒâ‚ã‚â–MHC class II (black dots) on a dendritic cell (red) after treatment with a caspase inhibitor. Electron microscopy by Laura Santambrogio and Ilaria Potolicchio. Art work by Lewis Long.

Volume 6 Issue 10

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Editorial

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Commentary

  • Despite considerable advances in identifying the environmental agents that trigger allergy and the immunological mechanisms involved, progress in developing effective treatments remains frustratingly slow. Is it time to rethink some of the paradigms guiding this research?

    • P G Holt
    • W R Thomas
    Commentary
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News & Views

  • The adaptor SAP mediates activation signals in natural killer cells. However, its family members EAT-2 and ERT are negative regulators that help to fine-tune natural killer cell recognition of viruses and tumors.

    • Marco Colonna
    News & Views

  • Multicellular organisms exist in hostile environments full of dangerous microorganisms. Retrocyclin 2, a θ-defensin analog, acts at cell membranes to hinder viral coat attachment helping to protect multicellular organisms.

    • Rodney Phillips
    News & Views

  • Germinal center formation requires BCL6 to silence specific genes in B cells. New data now show that the repertoire of genes repressed by BCL6 is larger than previously thought, because of its interaction with the DNA-binding protein Miz-1.

    • Xiaosheng Wu
    • Diane F Jelinek
    News & Views

  • Although it often acts as a transcriptional activator, the nuclear hormone receptor PPAR-γ also 'transrepresses' inflammatory responses mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB. New data demonstrate that sumoylation of PPAR-γ leads to the retention of repressor complexes on promoters of inflammatory genes.

    • Shannon T Bailey
    • Sankar Ghosh
    News & Views

  • Dendritic cell maturation leading to efficient antigen presentation is a central event that triggers adaptive immune responses. This maturation process seems to be regulated by the AP-1 adaptor proteins through the action of caspases.

    • Peter E Jensen
    News & Views
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