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Inhibitory NK cell receptors are usually thought of as binding to MHC class I–like proteins. On page 436 of this issue Castells et al. report that a widely expressed integrin can bind to NK receptors on mast cells and inhibit secretion.This could be an effective mechanism for preventing unprovoked mast cell degranulation in the host. αvβ3-expressing T cells (red) binding to gp49B1-expressing cells (green) from fluorescence micrograph in Castells et al.
Where is the small academic lab left in an era of big science and systems biology? Hypothesis-driven science is not dead, and new investigative structures will mate large with small science.
Adjuvants and inflammation inhibit TCR ligation-induced apoptosis of T cells. Bcl-3 may enhance the increased T cell survival by positive regulation of NF-κB transcription factors.
NK cell receptors either activate or inhibit the fratricidal tendencies of NK cells. Structural analysis of receptor-ligand complexes of both types of receptors reveals striking similarities in form, despite the diverse function.
Activation, proliferation and differentiation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells must be carefully regulated. New evidence suggests that antigen and costimulation may be enough to trigger the program.
Differentiation of periperal T cells into TH1 and TH2 subsets is a crucial part of a normal immune response. Evidence is emerging that a signaling pathway involving the SAP molecule may play an important role in this differentiation process.
The disappearance of CD4+ T cells during an HIV infection sets the stage for the characteristic immunodeficiency. But how do the virally infected cells protect themselves long enough to manufacture more HIV virions? A recent paper in Nature suggests that Nef may be part of the answer.