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Volume 12 Issue 10, October 2011

DDX41, a member of the DExD/H-box helicase family, senses viral DNA and triggers type 1 interferon responses in a manner dependent on the adaptor STING, as reported by Liu and colleagues (p 959; News and Views by Barber, p 929). DDX41 mutants that lack the STING-binding DEADc domain (green dots) fail to associate with cytoplasmic STING (red); DAPI stains the nucleus (blue). Original image by Musheng Bao. Artwork by Lewis Long.

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  • ASC has emerged as an adaptor for inflammasome sensors in cells of the innate immune response. New inflammasome-independent roles have been identified for ASC in the control of adaptive immunity; these include the post-transcriptional regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements.

    • Ioannis Karakasiliotis
    • Dimitris L Kontoyiannis
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  • The antiviral factor APOBEC3G upregulates the expression of ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D via DNA damage induced by the viral protein Vpr in cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The virus overcomes greater susceptibility to natural killer cell–mediated lysis by targeting APOBEC3G for degradation.

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  • T cell tolerance is essential to the prevention of autoimmunity. The ubiquitin E3 ligase Peli1 acts as a negative regulator of T cell activation and contributes to the maintenance of self-tolerance.

    • Paul N Moynagh
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  • The sensing of pathogen-associated DNA in the cytoplasm is an important trigger of host-defense responses that include the production of type I interferon. A new study suggests that the DExDc helicase DDX41 may function in dendritic cells as a DNA sensor to activate STING-dependent innate immune responses.

    • Glen N Barber
    News & Views
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